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<br />" NTOWWALIPMU'o • Freezing and thawing of soils
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<br />,� : • Surface and subsurface erosion
<br />Poor construction methods
<br />• Structural deterioration due to age, lack of maintenance, or misuse
<br />4 Structural movements
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<br />Likewise, there are numerous causes, both natural and man - induced, that can mimic the impacts seen from underground
<br />mining near water supplies. Naturally occurring impacts to well yield include:
<br />• drought (affects springs also)
<br />• plugging of the well screen via incrustation
<br />• plugging of the well screen by iron bacteria
<br />• clogging of the well due to improperly sized well screen and migration of fines into the well.
<br />• clogging of the well resulting from corrosion of well screen
<br />Man - induced causes include:
<br />• increased groundwater withdrawals (new wells in area)
<br />• nearby surface mining activities
<br />• • Additionally, water quality complaints must be investigated with an appreciation of ambient groundwater quality. In large
<br />areas of the bituminous coalfields indicator parameters for mine drainage, such as iron and manganese, occur naturally at
<br />concentrations above drinking water limits.
<br />a Top .
<br />Literature Cited:
<br />Bhattacharya, S., and M.M. Singh (1985). Development of Subsidence Damage Criteria. Engineers International, Inc.,
<br />prepared for U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Office of Surface Mining, Contract J51120129.
<br />Booth, C.J. (1990). Hydrogeolical Significance of Subsurface Coal Mining, Water Resources in Pennsylvania: Availability,
<br />Quality, and Management. Edited by S.K. Majumdar, R.R. Parizek, and E.W. Miller, The Pennsylvania Academy of
<br />Science.
<br />Booth, C.J. (1986). Strata- Movement Concepts and the Hydrogeological Impact of Underground Coal Mining. Ground
<br />Water, Vol. 24, No. 4, July- August 1996.
<br />Bruhn, R.W, and R.C. Speck, (1986). Characteristics of Subsidence Over Pillar Extraction Panels. U.S. Bureau of Mines,
<br />Contract Report J0233920, GAI Consultants, Inc., July 1986,
<br />Cifelli, R.C. and H.W. Rauch (1986). Dewatering Effects from Selected Underground Coal Mines in North - Central West
<br />Virginia. In: Proceedings, 2nd Workshop on Surface Subsidence Due to Underground Mining, West Virginia University,
<br />Morgantown, W.Va., p. 249 -263.
<br />Hill, J.G., and D.R. Price (1983). The Impact of Deep Mining on an Overlying Aquifer in Western Pennsylvania. Ground
<br />Water Monitoring Review, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 138 -143.
<br />Hobba, W,A. (1993). Effects of Underground Mining and Mine Collapse on the Hydrology of Selected Basins in West
<br />Virginia. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2384, U.S. Department of the Interior.
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