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2010-05-07_PERMIT FILE - C2009087A (3)
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2010-05-07_PERMIT FILE - C2009087A (3)
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Last modified
3/9/2018 9:11:38 AM
Creation date
5/26/2010 11:14:26 AM
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Template:
DRMS Permit Index
Permit No
C2009087A
IBM Index Class Name
Permit File
Doc Date
5/7/2010
Doc Name
Cultural and Historic Resource
Section_Exhibit Name
2.04.4 Cultural and Historic Resource Information
Media Type
D
Archive
Yes
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perhaps not severely enough to change the cultural adaptation. Certainly the drop in the number of <br />dated occupations after about 700 BP strongly reflects a change in adaptation. <br />• Antero Phase/Protohistoric Era (650 — 300BP) - The Antero Phase is marked by the replacement <br />of small corner notched points by side and tri- notched forms, by the introduction of Ute <br />Uncompahgre brown or Shoshone Intermountain pottery, by increased mobility, and less reliance <br />on storage. Considerably fewer pit features are apparent in the record and there is a shift in land -use <br />patterns from open basin dunal environments in favor of wooded uplands and wet drainages. <br />Within the cultural period, the transition to the Protohistoric Era is signaled by the introduction of a <br />small amount of European trade goods. <br />Canalla Phase/Protohistoric Era (300- 130BP) - The Canalla Phase is essentially a continuation of <br />the latest prehistoric period with the addition of trade goods. Sites of this age have not been <br />investigated in or near the PSCM permit area. <br />Historic Context <br />Comprehensive historic contexts have been written for the general area of the project. The most <br />recent can be found in Colorado Mountains Historic Context and Colorado History: A context of <br />Historical Archaeology. <br />The United States obtained the Louisiana Purchase, which included the territory that is now <br />Colorado, in 1803 and sent expeditions west to document this new territory. It is during this time <br />frame that the "contact- traditional cultures" were building economic relationships with the Spanish <br />• and other European traders. The period from 1820 to 1860 was characterized by more intensive <br />migrations westward of American settlers as a result of the Louisiana Purchase. This led to <br />heightened competition for resources and thus more cross - cultural conflicts. The fur trade was <br />dwindling, and gold was discovered in the Colorado high country in 1859, starting the Colorado <br />gold rush. Although this did not greatly affect the northwest portions of Colorado directly, it did <br />move settlers closer to the area and prompted Congress to establish the Colorado Territory in 1861. <br />The Late Contact Phase (1860 -1881) of the Protohistoric era is characterized by the initiation of <br />U.S. Government and Indian relations, including displacement of Indian Nations onto reservations <br />to stabilize new western territories for settlement. The Homestead Act was passed in 1862, opening <br />new lands in the Colorado Territory and the west. In 1876, Colorado was established as a state, and <br />by 1881, the Utes were relocated from western Colorado to eastern Utah. <br />With the relocation of Native Americans further west, American settlements grew rapidly in <br />western Colorado. This growth was further fueled by oil and coal extraction, which began in 1872 <br />in much of the state; although it did not take off in northwestern Colorado until the 1880's. The <br />mining industry boom led to the expansion of commerce, transportation, and support industries in <br />the west. <br />Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad across southern Wyoming in 1869 contributed greatly <br />to increased settlement in northwestern Colorado, and the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad Company <br />had developed lines from Denver to Salt Lake City, UT, by 1883. These railways provided market <br />• access that had been previously unavailable to the farmers and cattle and sheep ranchers of the <br />areas, as well as the coal mines. Roadways were also expanding further west, bringing increasing <br />PSCM Permit App. 2.04 -12 6/15/09 <br />
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