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small localized areas that receive only limited amounts of supplemental irrigation water <br />because of the natural topography or landform. These areas are too small to stratify out from <br />the type. Land leveling or shaping to overcome these problems has not been done to any <br />great extent within the study area. Ground water seeps and boggy areas from irrigation runoff <br />and irrigation recharged ground water systems contribute to areas of higher production or <br />occur as the swale /drainage vegetation type. <br />The overall composition and species diversity of the site is indicative of the generally poor <br />condition of the irrigated pasture type. Both Kentucky bluegrass and buckhorn plantain <br />dominate the composition of the stand and have frequencies of occurrence of greater than 85 <br />percent (see Table 2.04.10 -15). The considerable presence of quackgrass, field bindweed, <br />and dandelion is also indicative of the deteriorated pasture condition. Most of the operators <br />contacted indicated that a standard pasture mix originally was used to establish most of the <br />pastures. Smooth brome ( Bromopsis inermis ssp. inermis orchardgrass, timothy, white <br />Dutch clover, and red clover occurred in the pasture type and are normally included in <br />standard irrigated pasture mixes. <br />Nootka rose (Rosa nutkana) is a common invader shrub of irrigated pastures in the Nucla <br />area, with Russian olive (Eleagnus angustifolia) and elm (Juglans nigra) occurring at lesser <br />levels where pastures have been abandoned. <br />(Revised October 2009) 2.04.10-68 <br />