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Page 22 of 23 <br />MANAGEMENT <br />Appendix 1 <br />Russian olive tolerates a wide rang of soil and moisture conditions, from sand to heavy clay, and can <br />withstand flooding and silting. It grows best in deep sandy or loamy soils with only slight salt and alkali <br />content. Russian olive can withstand temperatures ranging from -50 degrees F to 115 degrees F. It is also <br />shade tolerant, which means it can grow under larger trees. Russian olive reproduces by seed, which is <br />usually produced after trees are four to five years old. It generally flowers from May through June. The <br />fruits mature from August to October and remain on the tree throughout the winter or until the crop is <br />consumed. Seeds are ingested with the fruit by birds and small animals and dispersed in their droppings. <br />Russian olive is a rapid growth rate tree with growth up to six feet a year. Control methods vary with tree <br />size, habitat, and use of the area. Removal should be undertaken before seeds are fully developed to <br />prevent further spread of seeds. Control is difficult once trees mature, so early detection and control are <br />important. <br />Mechanical Control of Russian Olive <br />Russian olives with small diameters can be pulled out with a weed wrench when soils are moist. In certain <br />situations larger trees can be removed using a tractor/chain. Any remaining exposed roots should be cut off <br />below ground level and buried. Grinding and cutting arc not effective controls by themselves. The tree <br />may resprout below the cut area or along root line. <br />Chemical Control of Russian Olive <br />Most translocating herbicides (e.g., glyphosate) are effective at label strength when applied during the <br />growing season. Some dormant-season herbicides (e.g., imazipyr as Chopper RTUR-) are labeled for <br />Russian olive control. Foliar spraying has been successful, as has injecting herbicide capsules around base <br />of trunk. When injecting herbicides into the tree, monitoring should occur to ensure that the entire tree is <br />affected. When cutting the stump should be as close to the ground as possible and treated with 5 -10 cc of <br />glyphosate (Roundupg) applied at full strength. Non-immediately needed trees should be debarked at the <br />bass and a herbicide should be sprayed on the area. Brushing on herbicide is the most effective application <br />for Russian olive.