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and excessive cloddiness caused by tillage when soils are wet. The best period for tillage in these <br />areas may be in the early spring prior to the irrigation season (prior to mid-April). Section <br />2.05.4(2)(d), Topsoil (Redistribution), contains additional information on subsoil and topsoil <br />conditioning. <br />Seeding will be done either with a cultipacker type seeder or a drill equipped with double-disk <br />openers, depth bands, and packer wheels. A cultipacker may be used behind the drill to also firm <br />the seedbed. Either of these two types of seeding equipment will provide the greatest level of <br />success in terms of proper seed placement and firming of the soil around the seed. Seeding <br />depths are usually about 1/4 inch deep for the species to be seeded, and never more than %s inch <br />deep. Seeding will primarily be done using the alternate row method where all grasses are seeded <br />in every other row and the legume is seeded in the remaining rows. This method decreases <br />competition, especially for species such as birdsfoot trefoil which can be somewhat difficult to <br />establish and are poor competitors in the seedling stage. This method is an accepted method for <br />establishing good pasture and will assure the desired proportion of grass and legume species over <br />the life of the pasture. If it is determined that the drill seeding method is not desirable for a <br />particular area, then a broadcast seeder will be utilized to distribute the grass seed onto the <br />surface of the ground. A large tractor mounted broadcaster having the capacity of holding several <br />bushels of grass seed will be used and the tractor will traverse the field such that overlapping of <br />the seed will occur. After the seed is broadcasted, a spring tooth harrow will be drug over the field <br />to bury the seed approximately 1/4 inch. Since not all of the seed will be covered, the seed rate <br />will be increased 50% over the drilled seed rate. If the harrow is not utilized, such as in a topsoil <br />stockpile situation, then the broadcast rate will be double the drilled rate. <br />No mulch is to be applied on lands reclaimed to irrigated land use. This would only provide <br />additional opportunities for establishment of competing annual and perennial weedy species and <br />volunteer grain that would negatively impact the stand. The use of irrigation will establish an <br />effective vegetative cover in a relatively short time after seeding. Companion crops of annual <br />grains will also not be used during stand establishment. While some erosion and weed control <br />benefits might be gained, the potential for reduced stand establishment and density is real. A <br />companion crop's greatest importance (or advantage) has been in providing a cash crop to the <br />operator during the first season following pasture seeding. The cover crop, mentioned earlier as <br />a means of temporary stabilization, is not a companion crop. <br />(Revised 1-15-03) 2.05.4(2)(e) - 4 _rR_58 <br />AV v J <br />/ 3 /?ICIr ZO