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LOGAN COUNTY, COLORADO are subject to frequent flooding during spring and summer months. These soils are used entirely for limited livestock graz- ing and wildlife. Native vegetation consists mainly of scattered stands of grasses such as blue grama, sand reedgrass, and prairie cordgrass, and annual weeds, willows and cottonwood trees. Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize these soils. The availability of moisture on these soils allows production of wetland plants that provide nesting and protective cover, as well as some food for waterfowl. Because these soils provide cover for wildlife and are near irrigated cropland where wildlife obtain much of their food, they are valuable to both wetland and range- land wildlife. They provide excellent cover for deer. Openland wildlife, especially pheasants, also use these areas for cover and nesting. Management for wildlife would include prevention of overgrazing by livestock, pro- tection from unplanned fire, and prevention of drainage. Where livestock are present, these valuable wildlife areas should be fenced to prevent overuse by livestock and un- wanted encroachment. Frequent flooding and the fluctuating water table severely limit these soils for use as homesites, roads and other urban developments. 30-Glenberg fine sandy loam. This is a deep, well drained soil on low terraces and flood plains. It formed in calcareous, stratified, sandy alluvium deposited by inter- mittent streams in the western part of the county. The average annual precipitation ranges from 13 to 17 inches. Slopes are nearly level to gently sloping. Included in this unit are small areas of Haverson loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. Typically the surface layer is dark grayish brown and pale brown fine sandy loam about 13 inches thick and is calcareous in the lower part. The underlying layer is very pale brown, calc.i - ous fine sandy loam stratified with thin lenses of i. • - - ::nd silt loam to 60 inches or more. Permeability is moderately rapid. Effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Available water capacity is moderate. Surface runoff is slow. The erosion hazard is slight, and the soil blowing hazard is moderate. This soil is subject to occasional flooding occurring during spring and summer months. This soil is used mainly for grazing and irrigated cropland. Corn, alfalfa, sugar beets and small grains are the principal crops grown in irrigated areas. Some small isolated areas are used for nonirrigated cropland, with forage sorghum, wheat and millet as the main crops. The rangeland vegetation of this soil consists mainly of sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, blue grama, western wheatgrass, sedge, sand dropseed, needleandthread and switchgrass. Sand sagebrush is interspersed with the grasses. To maintain a productive growth of forage plants, proper grazing use and planned grazing systems are essential. When proper grazing is used along with deferred grazing, the vegetation is further benefited. 31 Fencing is necessary to obtain more uniform distribution of grazing. Brush management is needed when sand sagebrush becomes excessively dense and interferes with forage production. In irrigated areas the main concerns of management are proper use of irrigation water, soil fertility and soil blowing. This soil is suited to furrow, border or sprinkler irrigation. Leveling and good irrigation water manage- ment are necessary to obtain uniform distribution and ef- ficient use of water. Incorporating crop residues is needed to reduce soil blowing during periods when the soil is not protected by growing crops. It also improves soil tilth. Applications of manure and commercial fertilizer containing nitrogen and phosphorus are needed in main- taining soil fertility. Primary objectives of management in nonirrigated cropland areas are protecting soil from blowing and con- serving moisture. Stubble mulch tillage and incorporating crop residues are essential practices to protect the soil from blowing, improve soil tilth, and conserve moisture. Planting crops in alternate strips at right angles to the prevailing wind is effective in protecting soil from blow- ing. Production of close grown crops is most effective in protecting soil from blowing. Tillage should be kept to a minimum. Intensive use of conservation practices is es- sential to protect and maintain soil productivity. Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally suited to this soil. Soil blowing is the principal concern to establishing trees and shrubs. This hazard can be over- come by special care consisting of cultivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of vegetative cover between the rows. Supplemental irrigation is necessary at the time of planting and during dry periods. Trees best suited and having good survival are Rocky Mountain ju- niper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive and hackberry. Shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac and Siberian peashrub. Openland wildlife such as pheasant, co!' " and mourning dove are suited to this soil. In cropland areas favorable habitat can be developed by establishing nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is vital and should be included in plans for habitat development. Tree and shrub plantings along fence lines, irrigation ditches, roadsides and streambanks also help encourage wildlife. Rangeland wildlife, including antelope and jackrabbits, can be encouraged by livestock grazing management, water developments, and types of fencing to permit unrestricted antelope movement. Where this soil is considered for homesites and other urban developments, the primary limiting soil feature is occasional flooding. Intensive and costly compensating measures such as embankments and elevated building pads are needed to minimize this condition. Capability subclass IVw nonirrigated, IIw irrigated. 31-Gravel pits. This unit consists of open excavations and borrow areas from which soil and underlying materi- al, most commonly gravel, have been removed. The remaining exposed materials usually support limited vegetation.