2009-06-24_PERMIT FILE - C1981019A (3)

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"forced" rather than risking the chance that significant pockets are entirely missed, or overemphasized as often occurs with simple random sampling. Older reclaimed units (e.g., 7+ years) shall receive a minimum of 20 ground cover transects and in monitoring areas - co-located shrub density belts. Production for monitoring purposes shall be collected from a representative five of these 20 sample points. For bond release efforts, production will be collected from a statistically adequate sample as defined below. Monitoring efforts for younger reclaimed units (e.g., 2 to 4 years) shall receive 15 transects and co-located woody density belts (as necessary) but no production sampling. First year units will receive one cluster of five emergent density quadrats spread in a representative manner for approximately every two acres of reclamation. For units 50 acres or larger, a five-quadrat cluster should be collected from every 4 acres of reclamation. With regard to any two-year old or older reclamation unit that is smaller than about 3 acres, the number of samples (for monitoring) shall be limited to five. The systematic procedure for sample location in revegetated units shall occur in the following stepwise manner. First, a fixed point of reference (e.g., fence corner) will be selected for the target unit to facilitate location of the systematic grid in the field. Second, a systematic grid of appropriate dimensions will be selected to provide a reasonable number of coordinate intersections (e.g., 5, 15, 20, etc.) that would then be used for the set of sample sites. Third, a scaled representation of the grid will be overlain on a computer-generated map of the target unit extending along north/south and east/west lines. Fourth, the initial placement of this grid will be implemented by selection of two random numbers (an X and Y distance) to be used for locating a systematic coordinate from the fixed point of reference, thereby making the effort unbiased. Fifth, where an excess number of potential sample points (grid intersections) is indicated by overlain maps, the excess may be randomly chosen for elimination. (If later determined that additional samples are needed, the eliminated potential sample sites would be added back in reverse order until enough samples can be collected.) Sixth, using a handheld compass and pacing techniques, or a hand-held GPS, sample points will be located in the field. Once a selected grid (sample) point is located in the field, sampling metrics will be utilized in a consistent and uniform manner. In this regard, ground cover sampling transects will always be oriented in the direction of the next site to be physically sampled to further limit any potential bias while facilitating sampling efficiency. Depending on logistics, timing, and access points to a target sampling area, the field crew may occasionally layout a set of points along coordinates in one direction and then sample them in reverse order. However, orientation protocol will always be maintained (i.e. in the direction of the next point to be physically sampled). If the boundary of an area is encountered before reaching the full length of a transect, the transect orientation will be turned 90° in the appropriate direction so the transect will be completed within the target unit. In this manner, edge transects will be retained entirely within the target unit by "bouncing" off the boundaries. Production quadrats will always be oriented 90° to the right (clockwise) of the ground cover transect and placed one meter from the starting point so as to avoid any trampled vegetation. Woody plant density belts (for monitoring efforts) will be extended parallel to the ground cover transects for a distance of 50 meters 4.15-29 Revision Date: 3/14/08 Revision No.: TR-72