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TABLE OF CONTENTS <br />1.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES ........................ 4 <br />1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 4 <br />1.2 Description of Proposed Action .................................................................................. 4 <br />1.3 Purpose and Need for the Action ................................................................................ 6 <br />1.4 Public Involvement/Issues and Concerns .................................................................... 6 <br />1.5 Alternatives to the Proposed Action ............................................................................ 6 <br />1.5.1 No Action Alternative ............................................................................................. 6 <br />1.5.1 Alternative Considered But Not Carried Forward .................................................. 7 <br />1.1 Plan Conformance Review .......................................................................................... 7 <br />2.0 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES .... 10 <br />2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 10 <br />2.2 Mitigation Measures vs. Design Criteria ................................................................... 12 <br />2.3 Critical Elements ....................................................................................................... 12 <br />2.3.1 Air Quality ............................................................................................................ 12 <br />2.3.2 Cultural Resources ................................................................................................ 16 <br />2.3.3 Invasive, Non-Native Species ............................................................................... 19 <br />The Proposed Action would increase the potential for the establishment and spread of <br />invasive, non-native species. Because musk thistle, mullein, cheatgrass and filaree are <br />already present in some portions of the project area, it would be likely that some disturbed <br />edges of the project area and buffer zones may be invaded by these species following <br />disturbance or during reclamation efforts. Seeds of these and other species could be intr <br />Recreation ............................................................................................................................. 20 <br />2.3.4 Migratory Birds ..................................................................................................... 21 <br />2.3.5 Threatened or Endangered Species ....................................................................... 23 <br />2.3.6 Hazardous Materials or Solid Wastes ................................................................... 25 <br />2.3.7 Water Quality, Surface and Ground ...................................................................... 26 <br />2.4 Non-Critical Elements ............................................................................................... 27 <br />2.4.1 Minerals ................................................................................................................ 27 <br />2.4.2 Public Health and Safety ....................................................................................... 28 <br />2.4.3 Socioeconomics .................................................................................................... 28 <br />2.4.4 Soils .......................................................................................................................30 <br />2.4.5 Sensitive Species ................................................................................................... 31 <br />2.4.6 Transportation ....................................................................................................... 34 <br />2.4.7 Vegetation ............................................................................................................. 35 <br />2.4.8 Visual Resources ................................................................................................... 36 <br />2.4.1 Terrestrial Wildlife ................................................................................................42 <br />2.4.2 Noise ..................................................................................................................... 45 <br />2.4.3 Recreation ............................................................................................................. 46 <br />2.5 Direct and Indirect Impacts Summary ....................................................................... 46 <br />3.0 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS SUMMARY ..................................................................... 47 <br />3.1 Past and Present Actions ........................................................................................... 48 <br />3.2 Reasonably Forseeable Future Actions ..................................................................... 48 <br />4.0 CONSULTATIONS ........................................................................................................50 <br />5.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................51 <br />6.0 LIST OF PREPARERS .................................................................................................. 54 <br />Grandview Gravel Pit Expansion Environmental Assessment <br />ii