Laserfiche WebLink
AU k, Designation: D 4646 - 03 <br />INTERNATIONAL <br />Standard Test Method for <br />24-h Batch-Type Measurement of Contaminant Sorption by <br />Soils and Sediments' <br />This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4646; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of <br />original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A <br />superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. <br />1. Scope <br />1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining <br />the sorption affinity of waste solutes by unconsolidated geo- <br />logic material in aqueous suspension. The waste solute may be <br />derived from a variety of sources such as wells, underdrain <br />systems, or laboratory solutions such as those produced by <br />waste extraction tests like the Test Method D 3987 shake <br />extraction method. <br />1.2 This test method is applicable in screening and provid- <br />ing relative rankings of a large number of geomedia samples <br />for their sorption affinity in aqueous leachate/geomedia sus- <br />pensions. This test method may not exactly simulate sorption <br />characteristics that would occur in unperturbed geologic set- <br />tings. <br />1.3 While this procedure may be applicable to both organic <br />and inorganic constituents, care must be taken with respect to <br />the stability of the particular constituents and their possible <br />losses from solution by such processes as degradation by <br />microbes, light, or hydrolysis. This test method should not be <br />used for volatile chemical constituents (see 6.1). <br />1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the <br />safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the <br />responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- <br />priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- <br />bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. <br />2. Referenced Documents <br />2.1 ASTM Standanls: 2 <br />D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water <br />D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water <br />D 2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water <br />(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock <br />This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste <br />Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.06 on <br />Analytical Methods. <br />Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originally <br />published as ES 10 - 85. Last previous edition D 4646-87. <br />2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or <br />contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astFn.org. For Annual Book of ASTM <br />Standards volume information, refer to the standard's Document Summary page on <br />the ASTM website. <br />D 3987 Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste <br />with Water <br />D 4319 Test Method for Distribution Ratios by the Short- <br />Term Batch Method <br />3. Terminology <br />3.1 Definitions--For definition of terms used in this test <br />method refer to Terminology D 1129. <br />3. 1.1 solute-chemical species (for example, ion, molecule, <br />etc.) in solution. <br />3.1.2 sorbate-chemical species sorbed by a sorbent. <br />3.1.3 sorbent-a substance that sorbs the solute from solu- <br />tion (for example, soil, sediment, till, etc.). <br />3.1.4 sorption-depletion of an amount of solute initially <br />present in solution by a sorbent. <br />3.1.5 sorption affinity-the relative degree of sorption that <br />occurs by a geomedia. <br />3.1.6 unconsolidated geologic material (geomedia)-a <br />loosely aggregated solid natural material of geologic origin (for <br />example, soil, sediment, till, etc.). <br />3.2 Definitions of ;terms Specific to This Standard. <br />3.2.1 distribution coefficient, Kd-the ratio of the concen- <br />tration of solute sorbed on the soil or other geomedia divided <br />by its concentration in solution. A 24-h Kd is the analogous <br />ratio evaluated after 24 h of contact of the solute with the <br />geomedia. <br />3.2.1.1 Discussion--The dimensions of Kd reduce to units <br />of volume per mass. It is convenient to express Kd in units of <br />millilitres (or cubic centimetres) of solution per gram of <br />geomedia. Dissimilar Kd values may be obtained if different <br />initial solute concentrations are used, depending on the sorp- <br />tion behavior of the solute and the properties of the geomedia <br />(that is, nonlinear sorption curve). This concentration depen- <br />dency may be absent where the solute concentrations are <br />sufficiently low or the characteristics of the particular solute- <br />sorbent combination yield Kd values that are independent of the <br />concentration of solute (that is, linear sorption curve). <br />4. Summary of Test Method <br />4.1 Distilled water, natural water, waste leachate, or other <br />aqueous solution containing a known concentration of a solute <br />is mixed with a known amount of unconsolidated geologic <br />CopyrW 0 ASTM International. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States. <br />10 <br />• <br />Copyright by ASTM Intl (all rights reserved); Thu Jun 26 16:41:13 EDT 2008 <br />Downloaded/printed by <br />Camp Dresser Mc Kee pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized.