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Experimental adsorption/ desorption data for vanadium are very sparse in the literature. <br />Kaczala et al. (2009) found that vanadium adsorption onto sawdust increases when the <br />pH of the solution is decreased from 7.4 to 4.0 su, which is consistent with adsorption of <br />negatively charged V(+5) onto a positively charged surface. Similar behavior was <br />observed for vanadium adsorption onto commercial iron oxyhydroxide absorbents <br />(Naeem et al., 2007). The adsorption was found to decrease with pH and the adsorption <br />maxima was in the 3-4 su range. Peacock and Sherman (2004) performed EXAFS <br />spectroscopy analyses and found that V(+5) adsorption onto goethite was via inner <br />sphere complexation, which is a specific adsorption process. <br />No data could be found in the literature on the adsorption of V(+3) or V(+4). <br />References <br />Baes, C.F. and R.E. Mesmer.1976. The Hydrolysis of Cations. John Wiley and Sons. NY. <br />Bhatnagar, A., Minocha, A.K., Pudasainee, D., Chung, H.K., Kim, S-H, Kim, H-S, Lee, <br />G., Min, B. and B-H. Jeon. 2008. Vanadium removal from water by waste metal sludge <br />and cement immobilization. Chemical Engineering Journal. v. 144, n. 2. p. 197-204. <br />• Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).1984. Chemical Attenuation Rates, Coefficients, <br />and Constants in Leachate Migration. Volume 1: A Critical Review. EPRI EA-3356 Volume 1 <br />Project 2198-1 February 1984. <br />Hem, J.D. 1971. Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural <br />Water. Second Edition. USGS Water Supply Paper 1473. <br />Kaczala, F., Marquesa, M. and W. Hogland. 2009. Lead and vanadium removal from a <br />real industrial wastewater by gravitational settling/ sedimentation and sorption onto <br />Pinus sylvestris sawdust. Bioresource Technology. v. 100, n.1. p. 235-243. <br />Kaura, N, Singh, B., Kennedy, B.J. and M. Grafe. 2009. The preparation and <br />characterization of vanadium -substituted goethite: The importance of temperature. <br />Geochemica et Cosmochimica Acta. v. 73, n. 3. P. 582-593. <br />Naeem, A., Westerhoff, P. and S. Mustafa. 2007. Vanadium removal by metal <br />(hydr)oxide adsorbents. Water Research. v. 41, n. 7. p. 1596-1602. <br />Peacock, C.L. and D. M. Sherman. 2004. Vanadium (V) adsorption onto goethite (a- <br />FeOOH) at pH 1.5 to 12: a surface complexation model based on ab initio molecular <br />geometries and EXAFS spectroscopy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. v. 68, n. 8. P.1723- <br />1733. <br />0