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• the Soil Survey (Section 2.04.9), Revegetation Plan (Section 2.05.4(2)(e)), and Topsoil <br />Management of this Section. Since clay percentages and shrink-swell potentials are low, <br />stability and trafficability problems are not anticipated. <br />Prior to topsoil replacement, the regraded spoil within mined areas will be scarified by deep <br />ripping or chisel plowing on the contour to a depth of 12 to 24 inches to reduce excessive <br />compaction, prevent potential slippage zones, reduce erosion, and improve water and air <br />movement and root growth across the topsoil/spoil interface. Abandoned roads shall also be <br />ripped and/or chisel plowed prior to topsoil replacement. Spoil erodibility is discussed in the <br />Backfilling and Grading (Section 2.05.4(2)(c)) and Facilities (Section 2.05.3) sections. Soil and <br />topsoil erodibility is discussed in the Soil Survey (Section 2.04.9) and the Revegetation (Section <br />2.05.4(2)(e)) sections. <br />The resultant loamy textured spoil will possess suitable physical qualities which are conducive <br />to plant growth. The available water holding capacity will likely be moderately low to moderate <br />(approximately 0.07 to 0.11 inches of water per inch of soil), permeability moderate to <br />moderately rapid (about 1.0 to 6.0 inches per hour), and cation exchange capacity low to <br />moderately low (5 to 10 milli-equivalents per 100 grams). Since the overburden contains a <br />mixture of soft, slightly hard, hard, and extremely hard rock fragments, the spoil will generally <br />possess acceptable root growth and water holding characteristics. <br />The chemical properties of the overburden/interburden are also quite favorable. Sodicity and <br />salinity levels are low to moderate in the New Horizon 2 permit area and should pose no severe <br />problem to successful reclamation. Salinity levels in the upper four feet of regraded spoil will <br />likely be comparable to premining values. <br />The uppermost overburden transitions into the subsoil gradually on the majority of the permit <br />area. Much of this upper overburden (also called Bench 1 material) is suitable subsoil. For the <br />area west of 2700 Road, it is standard practice that suitable Bench 1 material will be used to <br />supplement the subsoil to provide the best chance for reclamation success. The topsoil <br />replacement calculations discussed later in this Section accounts for the use of some of this <br />suitable material. <br />(Revised Nov 2008) 2.05.4(2)(d)-11