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ARCADIS BBL <br />with Foster (1999) and EPA. Therefore, there is no risk to the avian population due to the pH of the water <br />ingested from the Pond No. 1. <br />West Pit Groundwater Dataset <br />The West Pit Groundwater dataset contained water quality information that was collected from the <br />principle pumping well in the pit. This water was analyzed for five metals, three halogens, one metalloid, <br />sulfate, and four water quality parameters. Four of the metals (calcium, magnesium, potassium, and <br />sodium) were not evaluated for avian risk because they are considered essential nutrients. Of the <br />remaining constituents, three could be quantitatively evaluated: boron, fluoride, and manganese. The <br />maximum concentrations of these three constituents were compared to their respective benchmark for <br />each receptor. Of the constituents that could be evaluated there were no exceedances of the benchmark <br />values for any of the receptors (Table 5). <br />The pH value in the West Pit groundwater dataset is 7.3 s.u. This value is essentially neutral and does <br />not indicate any potential for effects based on comparison with Foster (1999) and EPA; therefore, there is <br />no risk to the avian population due to the pH of the water ingested from the West Pit. <br />Summary <br />Based upon current USEPA methodology for ecological risk assessment, the evaluation of data for Pond <br />No. 1 and the West Pit Groundwater indicate that there is no significant risk to waterfowl or terrestrial birds <br />which may be acutely or chronically exposed to the pond water. <br />References <br />Foster, S.D. 1999. The Biological and Physiological Effects of Excess Copper in Juvenile Mallards (Anas <br />platyrhynchos): An Investigation of the Toxicity of Acid Mine Drainage in Waterfowl. Masters Thesis, <br />Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO <br />Sample, B.E., D.M. Opresk, and G.W. Suter II. "Toxicological Benchmarks for Wildlife": 1996 revision. <br />Prepared by Risk Assessment Program, Health Sciences Research Division,Oak Ridge National <br />Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN 37831. June. <br />Sample, B., and C. Arenal. 1999b. Allometric Models for Interspecies Extrapolation of Wildlife Toxicity <br />Data. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 62: 653-663. <br />U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1993. Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook. EPA/600/R-93/187a. <br />Washington, DC. <br />p:rpmj cts1212aexsrord(smkis)lsmkiWpami mwdr ent- west pk ma mgemenm mpat & pdfslappenda t-forma leis ftim n mojuy 17, 2007.doc Page: <br />4/5