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0 Water Quality <br />To determine the quality of the water within each groundwater formation, samples were <br />obtained from each well. Each well was developed by repetitive surging of the water column <br />within the well. This surging was accomplished utilizing a 3-inch Schedule 40 PVC bailer. <br />Each well was surged until turbidity within the well effluent was substantially reduced. A <br />minimum of three well volumes were removed or well production was performed until the <br />well was dry. Following this procedure, field parameters were obtained and recorded. <br />Subsequently, wells were sampled in accordance with 40CFR 136. Samples from each well <br />were obtained via a PVC bailer. Samples were preserved by cooling to 4 °C and shipped for <br />receipt by the laboratory within the required holding times. <br />During each sampling event at surface water sites, flows were determined at each station. <br />Field parameters were determined either via a Hydac pH/conductivity/temperature meter, an <br />Orion pH/temperature meter and an Orion conductivity/temperature meter, or in 2003-2008 <br />with an Oakton 35630 temperature/pwconductivity meter, at each station in accordance <br />with 40CFR 136. Each of the sampled parameters was determined by obtaining a <br />sample of the water with a decontaminated beaker, and placing the probes in this sample for <br />measurement. Samples were obtained from flowing water where possible. Decontamination of <br />all equipment was performed by first rinsing the equipment with tap water, then washing with <br />a phosphate-free detergent, then rinsing the equipment with deionized water. <br />Samples were obtained using the laboratory provided sampling containers, where possible. <br />Each container was lowered into the water and filled gently, without rinsing out the <br />preservative. For samples requiring field filtration, filtration was accomplished by use of a <br />barrel filter with a 0.45 micron filter. <br />Statistical Data Reduction Methodology <br />The analytical results and field parameters were plotted to determine water types. Mean, <br />median, and standard deviation values were generated to determine the accuracy and precision <br />of the data. Major cations and anions were plotted on Stiff diagrams for comparative analyses of <br />water types for interpretation of baseline sample data. <br />• <br />5