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d1UIOgy d11U 1V1dlld8C111C11L V1 LL1G 1 VauL1an%.J . -t,- . - . <br />Mechanical and Chemical Control of Yellow Toadflax <br />Mowing combined with spraying Tordon did not improve control in an experiment <br />conducted near Hesperus, Colorado. Yellow toadflax was mowed three times per year <br />then treated with Tordon at 4 pt/A in fail for two consecutive years and compared to <br />Tordon applied at 4 pt/A at flowering also for two consecutive years. Yellow toadflax <br />control was the same (85 percent) whether Tordon treatments were combined with <br />mowing or not. <br />Biological Control of Toadflaxes <br />Several classical biocontrol agents are available to use against toadflaxes. However, the <br />success of these agents remains largely unknown. A defoliating moth (Calophasia <br />lunula), an ovary-feeding beetle (Brachypterolus pulicarius), and two-seed capsule- <br />feeding weevils (Gymnaetron antirrhini and G.netum) have been released in the U.S. and <br />Canada to control all toadflax species. Particularly the flowering and seed feeding insects <br />should help decrease seed production. <br />A stem-boring weevil (Mecinus janthinus) and a root-boring moth (Eteobalea <br />intermedieila) also were released in Canada and the U.S. to control all species of <br />toadflax. These species may help to control shoots and seed production as well as <br />decrease root vigor, but data are unavailable to document their effects. Several of these <br />classical biocontrol agents are available from the Colorado Department of Agriculture <br />Insectary in Palisade. Very few published studies are available to determine whether <br />grazing by livestock will effect any control of Dalmatian or yellow toadflax. <br />'K.G. Beck, Colorado State University Cooperative Extension weed science specialist and professor of weed <br />science, bioagricultural sciences and pest managment. <br />Go to ton of this page. <br />Updated Monday, August 23, 2004. <br />I AnswerLink I CSU_AglVevs I Emptoy.ment I Other Links I Publications I Staff Resources I Site _Search <br />CE Home I CSU Home I RamPoint I About.Us I Calendar. I Staff_ Directory I Webmaster <br />Disclaimer I Equal Opportunity I Non.Discrimination Statement <br />11 <br />http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/natres/03114_htmi 6/20/2005