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2009-02-26_PERMIT FILE - M2009018 (13)
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2009-02-26_PERMIT FILE - M2009018 (13)
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Last modified
8/24/2016 3:43:53 PM
Creation date
2/27/2009 12:58:39 PM
Metadata
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Template:
DRMS Permit Index
Permit No
M2009018
IBM Index Class Name
PERMIT FILE
Doc Date
2/26/2009
Doc Name
Weed Management Plan
From
Varra Companies, Inc.
To
DRMS
Media Type
D
Archive
No
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N A T U R A L R E S O U R C E S V S E R I E S <br />Quick Facts... <br />Diffuse knapweed is a short- <br />lived, non creeping perennial, a <br />biennial, or occasionally an <br />annual that reproduces and <br />spreads solely from seed. <br />Spotted knapweed is a short- <br />lived, noncreeping perennial <br />that reproduces from seed and <br />forms a new shoot each year <br />from a taproot. <br />Diffuse and spotted knapweed <br />are readily controlled with <br />herbicides. Unless cultural <br />techniques are used, however, <br />the weeds will reinvade. <br />I <br />Extistkiri <br />Putting KnowkdWe to Wfak <br />0 Colorado State University <br />Cooperative Extension. 3/03. <br />www.ext.co[Wate.edu <br />RANGE <br />N 1111M1 <br />Diffuse and Spotted Knapweed no. 3.110 <br />by K. G. Beck' <br />Diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffuses) is a short-lived perennial, a <br />biennial, or occasionally an annual. It reproduces and spreads from seed. <br />The plant develops a single shoot (stem), I to 2 feet tall, that is branched <br />toward the top. Grazed plants may produce multiple stems. Rosette and <br />lower shoot leaves are finely divided. Leaves become smaller toward the top <br />of the shoot and have smooth margins. <br />Many solitary flowering heads occur on shoot tips. They are about I/ <br />8 inch in diameter and .1/2 to 2/3 inch long. Flowers usually are white but <br />may be purplish. Involucre bracts are divided like teeth on a comb and <br />tipped with a slender spine that makes them sharp to the touch. Sometimes <br />the bracts are dark-tipped or spotted like spotted knapweed. The long <br />terminal spine differentiates diffuse from spotted knapweed. <br />Spotted knapweed (Centaurea mar_ulosa) looks like diffuse knapweed <br />with some notable exceptions. Spotted knapweed is a short-lived, noncreeping <br />perennial that reproduces from seed (primary means of spread) and forms a new <br />shoot each year from a taproot. The weed produces one or more shoots that are <br />branched and I to 3 feet tall. Rosette leaves can be 6 inches long and deeply <br />lobed. Leaves are similar to diffuse knapweed. Lavender to purple flowers are <br />solitary on shoot tips and about the same size as diffuse knapweed flowers. <br />Involucre bracts are stiff and black-tipped. The tip and upper bract margin have a <br />soft, spine-like fringe and the center spine is shorter than others. <br />Phenology, Biology and Occurrence <br />Diffuse knapweed seeds germinate in spring or fall or anytime <br />during the growing season following a disturbance, if adequate soil moisture <br />is present. Seedlings develop into rosettes and diffuse knapweed remains as <br />a rosette until it grows to a critical size, then it bolts, flowers, and sets seed. <br />It may take from one to several years for diffuse knapweed to reach the <br />critical size necessary to reproduce by seed. <br />Diffuse knapweed is native to degraded noncropland (waste places) <br />and seashores from southern Europe to north-central Ukrdine. It generally is <br />found on dry, light, porous soils in Europe. Diffuse knapweed appears to <br />occupy similar areas in the United States. Diffuse knapweed will not tolerate <br />flooding or shade and thrives in the semiarid west (generally in 9- to 16-inch <br />precipitation zones). Environmental disturbance (e.g., overgrazed pastures or <br />rangeland, roadsides, rights-of-way, gravel piles, etc.) promotes its invasion. <br />In Colorado, the worst infestations occur along the Front Range in <br />Latimer, Boulder, Douglas and El Paso counties. Severe infestations also occur <br />in Archuleta and La Plata counties. A 2002 survey conducted by the <br />Colorado Department of Agriculture found 145,148 infested acres of diffuse <br />knapweed and 1,093 infested acres of spotted knapweed.
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