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<br />Sensors are installed <br />with the fixed wheel <br />pointing in the <br />direction of <br />expected movement <br />Inclinometer casing - <br />controls the <br />orientation <br />of the sensors <br /> <br />Gauge length <br />of each sensor <br />is the distance <br />between pivot <br />points. <br /> <br />EL In-Place Inclinometer <br />Applications <br />The EL in-place inclinometer is ideal <br />for data logging and real-time moni- <br />toring. Typical applications include: <br />• Monitoring deformation of dia- <br />phragm walls supporting deep <br />excavations. <br />• Monitoring ground movements <br />induced by tunnel construction. <br />• Monitoring deformations of <br />embankments and retaining walls. <br />• Monitoring landslide areas above <br />dams, highways, and railroads to <br />provide early warning of slope <br />failure. <br />Operation <br />The system consists of a number of <br />in-place inclinometer sensors that are <br />installed in inclinometer casing. <br />The casing provides access for sub- <br />surface measurements. Grooves <br />inside the casing control the orienta- <br />tion of the sensors. <br />The casing is typically installed in a <br />vertical borehole that passes through <br />a suspected zone of movement into <br />stable ground below. One set of <br />grooves is aligned with the expected <br />direction of movement, down hill or <br />towards an excavation, for example. <br />The sensors are positioned inside the <br />casing to span the zone of move- <br />ment. When the ground moves, the <br />casing moves with it, changing the <br />inclination of the sensors inside. <br />Inclination measurements from the <br />sensors are processed to provide the <br />casing profile, the displacement in <br />mm for the gauge length of each sen- <br />sor, and the cumulative displacement <br />in mm for the entire string of sensors. <br />In most applications, sensors are <br />connected to a data acquisition <br />system, and data processing is com- <br />pleted by a computer program such <br />as Argus, which can trigger alarms <br />based on a rate of change or other <br />criteria. <br />Advantages <br />Real Time Monitoring: The in-place <br />inclinometer is ideal for continuous, <br />unattended monitoring and can <br />deliver readings in near-real time. <br />Removable: Wheeled sensors can <br />be removed to allow verification <br />checks with a traversing probe. <br />Rigid Gauge Tubing: Accurate dis- <br />placement calculations require <br />straight-line sensor gauge lengths. <br />Rigid gauge tubing satisfies this <br />requirement. Rigid gauge tubing also <br />provides reliable performance in soft <br />ground, where abrupt changes in <br />profile may occur at a shear zone. <br />Complete Solutions: Slope Indica- <br />tor offers complete monitoring solu- <br />tions that include data loggers and <br />Argus web-based monitoring soft- <br />ware, which can present profile plots <br />and trend plots of inclinometer data <br />just minutes after the readings are <br />obtained.