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' The surface roughness angle is the angle between the basic plane of the joint and the <br />planes representing the surface of ripples or undulations of the joint surface. This value <br />was based on our research of the subject, including published data from various <br />' sources, and was a reasonable estimate given that no actual laboratory testing and field <br />measurements had been performed. <br />As a result of the 2003 geotechnical investigation, 20 rock samples were selected for <br />' direct shear testing in order to better define the strength of the rock (L&A, 2003). The <br />test results produced only a basic friction angle, ?, and results indicated that the basic <br />' friction angle of the discontinuities ranged from 13.7° to 49.3° with a mean value of 28°. <br />These results do not include the two direct shear tests conducted on samples with clay <br />. <br />I material along the foliation plane, which produced an average friction angle of 50 <br />Since the 2003 geotechnical investigation, the graphical, three-dimensional kinematic <br />analysis of wedge stability in the pit walls has been carried out using a basic friction <br />' angle of 28° plus a surface roughness angle of 50 (total of 33°). <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />n <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />