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• <br />• <br />48 <br />SOIL SURVEY <br />Management of vegetation on this soil should be based <br />on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- <br />tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. <br />Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats <br />grama, blue grama, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested <br />wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected <br />should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can <br />be seeded into a clean, firm sorghum stubble, or it can be <br />drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in <br />spring has proven most successful. <br />Windbreaks and environmental plantings are fairly well <br />suited to this soil. Blowing sand and low available water <br />capacity are the principal hazards in establishing trees <br />and shrubs. This soil is so loose that trees should be <br />planted in shallow furrows and vegetation maintained <br />between the rows. Supplemental irrigation may be needed <br />to insure survival. Trees that are best suited and have <br />good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern <br />redcedar, ponderosa pine, and Siberian elm. The shrubs <br />best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberian <br />peashrub. <br />Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. Ran- <br />geland wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can <br />be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, <br />managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed. <br />This soil has good potential for urban and recreational <br />development. Once established, the lawns, shrubs, and <br />trees grow well The primary limiting soil feature is the <br />rapid permeability in the substratum, which causes a <br />hazard of ground water contamination from sewage <br />lagoons. In places recreational development is limited by <br />the susceptibility to soil blowing. Capability subclass Vie <br />irrigated, Vie nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site. <br />75=Vona sandy loam; 0 to'1 percent slopes This is a <br />deep, well drained soil on high terraces at elevations of <br />4,650 to 4,950 feet. It formed in alluvial deposits. Included <br />in mapping are some leveled areas and small areas of <br />soils that have a loamy substratum. <br />Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish <br />brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is <br />brown fine sandy loam about 20 inches thick. The sub- <br />stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. <br />Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water <br />capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 <br />inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion <br />hazard is low. <br />This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated crops. It <br />is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ- <br />ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa (fig. 7), small grain, <br />potatoes, and onions. An example of a suitable cropping <br />system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for <br />silage, sugar beets, small grain, or beans. The rapidly <br />permeable substratum slightly restricts some crops. <br />All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- <br />rigation is the most common. Proper irrigation manage- <br />ment is essential. Barnyard manure and commercial fertil- <br />izer are needed for top yields. <br />Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally <br />suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in <br />establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- <br />tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of <br />vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation <br />may be necessary at the time of planting and during the <br />dry periods. Trees that are best suited and have good <br />survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, <br />ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackber- <br />ry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and <br />Siberian peashrub. <br />Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. <br />Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non- <br />game species can be attracted by establishing areas for <br />nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed <br />nesting cover is essential and should be included in plans <br />for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive <br />agriculture. <br />This soil has good potential for urban and recreational <br />development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The <br />only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub- <br />stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water con- <br />tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass Its <br />irrigated. <br />76-Vona sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a <br />deep, well drained soil on plains and high terraces at <br />elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian and <br />alluvial deposits. Included in mapping are some leveled <br />areas. Also included are small areas of soils that have a <br />loamy substratum and areas of soils that are noncalcare- <br />ous to a depth of 60 inches. <br />Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish <br />brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is <br />brown fine sandy loam about 18 inches thick. The sub- <br />stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam. <br />Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water <br />capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60 <br />inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion <br />hazard is low. <br />In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- <br />monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets, <br />beans, alfalfa, small grain, and onions. An example of a <br />suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa fol- <br />lowed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, or <br />beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines <br />are needed for proper water applications. <br />All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- <br />rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and com- <br />mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields. <br />Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally <br />suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in <br />establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul- <br />tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of <br />vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation <br />may be necessary at the time of planting and during dry <br />periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival <br />are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa <br />pine, Siberian elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The <br />0