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' Irrigation Glossary Page G of 7 <br />Solenoid Valve <br />An automatic valve operating under low voltage (24v AC) which may be remotely located in <br />the landscape and controlled via a signal cable from the central controller (timer). <br />r Solid Set <br />Refers to a stationary sprinkler system. Water-supply pipelines are generally fixed-usually <br />below the soil surface-and sprinkler nozzles are elevated above the surface. In some <br />' L cases, hand-move systems may be installed prior to the crop season and removed after <br />harvest, effectively serving as solid set. Solid-set systems are commonly used in orchards <br />and vineyards for frost protection and crop cooling. Solid-set systems are also widely used <br />on turf and in landscaping. <br />i Sprinkler Irrigation <br />Irrigation. water is applied through a pressurized system. The pressure causes the water to <br />flow out through the sprinkler nozzle and fly through the air and falls onto the soil surface. <br />' Commonly used agricultural sprinkler irrigation systems include center pivots, wheel lines, <br />hand lines, solid set, and big guns. <br />Subirrigation <br />' Water is applied to open ditches or to file lines to bring the water table up to where it is high <br />enough to be used by the plants. Typically this is only practical in locations with high water <br />tables, flat ground, and sandy soils, <br />Surface Irrigation <br />Irrigation method where the soil surface is used to transport the water via gravity flow from <br />the source to the plants. Common surface irrigation methods are furrow irrigation, <br />corrugation irrigation, border irrigation, basin irrigation, and flood irrigation. <br />' Surge Irrigation <br />Water is sent down a furrow in pulses. After the initial surge, the furrow is allowed to dry. <br />This wetting and drying cycle continues throughout the whole irrigation event. Surge <br />increases uniformity for furrow irrigation and increases application efficiency. <br />System Capacity <br />The ability of an irrigation system to deliver water to an acreage. [gpm/acre, m3/ha] <br />' Transpiration <br />Water taken up by the plant's roots and transpired out of the leaves. [in, mm] <br />Traveler <br />A sprinkler unit which propels itself along via the water pressure operating the sprinkler. <br />Various types are manufactured which either operate via a pull wire or follow the layout of <br />the hose supplying the water. Most units have an automatic shut off at the end of the run. <br />Uniformity <br />See distribution uniformity. <br />Water Hammer <br />When water velocity in a flowing pipeline changes abruptly the pressure will spike so high <br />that it can cause entire pipelines to explode, implode, or otherwise break. Water doesn't <br />compress, is heavy, and has a lot of momentum at high velocities. Pipes with water running <br />at high velocities are therefore at much higher risk for bursting due to water hammer. The <br />bottom line is to open and close valves slowly and don't let water hit the end of a closed <br />pipeline at high velocities. <br />Water Horsepower <br />The energy or power added to water by the pump. [hp, kW] <br />littp://irrigation.wsu.edu/glossary.php <br />l/?/2oo8 <br />85