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1.5 Permanent Impoundment Demonstration <br />Permanent impoundments planned as part of the post-mining land use on reclaimed rangelands at <br />Trapper Mine include small Livestock Water Tanks (LSWT's). These ponds are all less than two acre- <br />feet in volume and function exclusively to provide much needed drinking water to wildlife and livestock <br />species. In this semi-arid region of the West these types of ponds are of crucial benefit to reclaimed <br />rangelands as they greatly improve grazing distribution and vegetation utilization. Without the <br />adequately distributed water supplies that these ponds provide, wildlife and livestock species tend to <br />congregate around scarce available water supplies and grossly over-utilize a small part of the range <br />while failing to adequately utilize the majority of the range. This proves to be detrimental to, both plant <br />and animal resources. <br />Livestock Water Tank locations are given on Map 1. Table 1.5-1 demonstrates that all LSWT's are <br />successfully providing drinking water to wildlife and livestock species on at least an ephemeral basis, <br />which is as much as can be expected in this region of the country. Some of the ponds provide drinking <br />water on a year round basis. <br />• <br />17