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the opening and then grouting the opening above the packer through the packer mandrel <br />or by drilling from the side and injecting a concrete grout. Packers are inflatable and/or <br />mechanical devices that can be wedged tightly in an opening. Larger openings, such as <br />around the outside of a vent shaft, may require the installation of forms that can then be <br />filled hydraulically with a cement grout. Sprayed structural (e.g., polyurethane) foam can <br />also be used at times to create temporary support for the subsequent installation of <br />permanent seals. <br />It may also be possible to grout or otherwise plug some point sources from the surface. In <br />most cases, this will be limited to larger features such as vent shafts that can be readily <br />located on the surface. Surface plugging of cased vent shafts would, in most cases, <br />consist of drilling around the opening and sealing the opening off from shallow aquifers <br />by injecting grout. Surface exploration drill hates drilled by Energy Fuels Resources are <br />plugged in accordance with existing regulatory and specific exploration permit <br />requirements. Most historic surface exploration drill holes cannot be located and plugged <br />on the surface because the collar area of the holes has typically caved and been filled in <br />over time. <br />After identifying those areas where immediate action can be taken, Energy Fuels will <br />conduct sealing operations. This may require the assistance of a grouting contractor with <br />specialized equipment. The sealing opera#ions and observed reductions in ground water <br />inflow rates will be documented. Those seepage areas that cannot be sealed during <br />mining operations will be evaluated for sealing at the time of mine closure as discussed <br />below under Closure Source Control. <br />As the mine is developed, point source control will continue to be implemented. New <br />vent shafts will be grouted where they pass through aquifers so that there is no conduit <br />available for ground water inflow. Historic exploration holes and other points of ground <br />water inflow encountered during mine development will be evaluated and, where <br />practicable, sealed using packers and injected grout. <br />