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Sample points were located in the field using aerial and topographic maps and pacing from <br />known locations. Cover and woody density transects were located and oriented using a blind <br />throw of a meter stick. The final location of each herbaceous production plot was chosen with a <br />blind throw of the sampling hoop made from the origin of the associated cover/woody plant <br />density transect. At each cover/woody plant density sampling location, the slope (percent) and <br />aspect of the site (in degrees not corrected for magnetic declination) were determined and <br />recorded, as was the orientation of the transect (in degrees not corrected for magnetic <br />declination). <br />Sample Adequacy Calculations <br />Sample adequacy calculations for parameter estimation without hypothesis testing were carried <br />out using the formula as prescribed by the Colorado Mined Land Reclamation Board for <br />parameter estimation without hypothesis testing (DMG 1995): <br />~z sz <br />Nmin= -'--------- <br />(d x )s <br />where: <br />to =one-tailed t-value with (n-1) degrees of freedom, a=0.10 <br />sZ =sample variance <br />d = 0.1 (level of precision or desired detectable reduction) <br />x = sample mean x <br />Confidence Limits <br />Confidence limits for comparisons to reference areas and technical standards were calculated <br />using a 1-tailed t-value for alpha error probability of 0.10 at (n-1) degrees of freedom multiplied <br />by the standard error of the mean of the sampled area. <br />C.I. = t, s <br /> ~n <br /> <br />4 <br />