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• Vc~etation Sampling <br />In July of each y~tr 12011[1 thmugh 2004) demonstmtion plots wets samphxi fir vcgruttivr cover <br />I~~ species, bare ground, rak and litter using apoint-intercept methcxi. trampling was stratilicd in the <br />tcnccd and non-Icnced arras in order to examine t}tc rfli^cts of game exclusion. Within each tentt'd (live <br />hlrrts) and unl'rntttil (five plow) plot at Colow•yu and l'rappty Mine, (figures 1 and 2), five 50-m transects <br />+rrc tvndomly hrcated. One of the five trams-ets in each plot at Trapper Mine wav stmtiticrl in <br />myeorchi~ae intxulation strips in order to test for a treatment response. Cover data was collated every <br />one meter along rash trans~ets (250 cover points• per plot). At ttx Seneca Minc, where plots arc <br />considerably smaller (Figure 3), we used three 30-m transrt~ts and wllat~d cover data cvcrv orte ntrter <br />i `Kl cover points per pbt-. Only Ihrce plots at the Seneca Minc wcrc divided into subplots by o fence. <br />In addition to cover sampling along these tnmxtu, we estimatal shrub establishment and shrub <br />bright in each demonstration plot within O.Sm' quadrats along each transat. At C:olowyo and 'trapper. <br />the yuadra6s wcrc located curry 20 m along the transect, for a total of 12 quadmts (6.0 m~ per plot). In <br />the smnllty plats at Seneca Mine quadrats wcrc locatrci every 10 m along rich transect for a total <br />~untpling area of 4.4 m7 (9 yuatlrats) per dcmomtration plot. Within cacti of these yuadruts all shrubs <br />wcrc identitit~d to spaics and heights of individuals wen: «xordcY(. <br />At the Srtu~ca Minc shrub tubelings were planted in September of 2000 in selat demonstration <br />hlrns. 1'o evaluate the succces of this operation, survival of tmtuplants wac quantified during the <br />~ rgrtation sampling. Shrub survival within each demonstration plot was estitnatcxl by following rows of <br />uunsplants and scoring seedlings as either alive or dyad. A minimum of 25% of the transplant rows <br />within tech plot was survcytxl as such. <br />During the vegetation sampling, voucher specimens of plant taxa were collected for positive <br />iJc•ntitication vtd for archival in the Restoration Ecology Lab Herbarium. Permanent photo rclirence <br />• twint.. established in 2001 in rack demonstration plot wcrc photographed annually to illusstratc long-term <br />h;mges in the vegetation. <br />KI?~UL'1'ti ANU DISCUSSION <br />Results fmm the demonstration plots illustrate the complex interactions of various cultural and <br />environmental factors in the cstahlishment of woody vegetation on reclaimed surfat:e mines. Shrub <br />~wtablishmcnt and scaling success has been variable acrosi the there minx sites (figure 5. Tahlc 9) likely <br />owing to timing o(the seeding, spoil quality and variable local climatic conditions at the three sites after <br />scaling. <br />• <br />