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• Sample points were located in the field using topographic maps. Cover and woody plant density <br />transects were located and oriented using a blind throw of a meter stick. The final location of <br />each herbaceous production plot was chosen randomly, associated with each cover/woody plant <br />density transect. At each coverlwoody plant density sampling location, the slope (percent) and <br />aspect of the site (in degrees not corrected for magnetic declination) were determined and <br />recorded, as was the orientation of the transect (in degrees not corrected for magnetic <br />declination). <br />SAMPLE ADEQUACY CALCULATIONS <br />Sample adequacy calculations for parameter estimation without hypothesis testing were carried <br />out using the formula as prescribed by the Colorado Mined Land Reclamation Board for <br />parameter estimation without hypothesis testing (DMG 1995): <br />~z Sz <br />Nmin= <br />(d x ~z <br />• where: <br />to =one-tailed t-value with (n-1) degrees of freedom, a=0.10 <br />sZ =sample variance <br />d = 0.1 (0.15 for woody plant density) (level of precision or desired detectable reduction) <br />x = sample mean <br />CONFIDENCE LIMITS <br />Confidence limits for comparisons to reference areas and technical standards were calculated <br />using a 1-tailed t-value for alpha error probability of 0.10 at (n-1) degrees of freedom multiplied <br />by the standard error of the mean of the sampled area. <br />C.I. = t, s <br />~In) <br />Pertormance Standards <br />COVER and HERBACEOUS PRODUCTION : For purposes of comparison only, cover and <br />• herbaceous production performance standards were calculated in accordance with procedures <br />