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Russian thistle (Salsola australis). One-fifth was cover by devils shoestrings (Polygonum • arenastrum) and, with slightly less than 1/5'", twolobe speedwell (Pocilla biloba). Bull thistle (Cirsium vulgate) and houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale) contributed marginally to cover. Native perennial cool season grasses constituted 35% of total vegetation cover. Half this total was due to mountain brome (Ceratochloa carinata). Predominantly comprising the remaining half were thickspike wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus fm. dasystachya), slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus); and.western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithir). Native perennial forbs occupied 3.5% of total vegetation cover. Dominant within this group was western yarrow (Achilles lanulosa). Canada thistle (ereea arvensis), an invasive perennial forb, was also quantitatively observed in the area. Total vegetation cover was 45.6%. Standing dead (2.7%), litter (10.9%), bare soil (36.85%), and rock (3.9%) comprised the remainder. Species density was 26.1 species per 100 sq.m. HERBACEOUS PRODUCTION (TABLE 2) A total of 1818.3 pounds per acre of herbaceous production were collected in the area in 2004. Alfalfa was present in trace amounts. WOODY PLANT DENSITY (TABLE 3) There were 12.1 stems per acre on average in the area in 2004. This total was entirely due to big • sagebrush (Seriphidium tridentafum). Aspen Extended Reference Area (Photographs 9 through 12) COVER (TABLE 4) 31 percent of total vegetation cover was due to native trees, specifically, quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides). Native perennial forbs constituted 29% of total vegetation cover in 2004. One- quarter of the total was due to mountain bluebells (Mertensia ciliata). Western aniseroot (Osmorhiza occidentalis), serrate groundsel (Senecio serr8), and stinging nettle (Urtica gracilis ssp. gracilis) were also prevalent. Native shrubs occupied 24% of total vegetation cover. Within this group, snowberry was the most dominant, with 2/5ths of the total. Saskatoon serviceberry and chokecherry were also common in the area. Native perennial coo4 season grasses and graminoids contributed 12% to total vegetation cover. Half this total was due to cover by blue wildrye (Elymus glaucus) and'/<to Canada brome (Bromopsis canadensis). Also observed in the area were bull thistle, houndstongue, and Canada thistle. Total vegetation cover was 92.5 percent. Comprising the balance was standing dead (0.7%), • litter (3%), bare soil (3.7%), and rock (0.1%). Species density averaged 39.5 species per 100 sq.m.