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speedwell (Pocilla biloba). Introduced annual grasses and native perennial cool season grasses <br />• each averaged just under 12% of total vegetation cover. For the former, the total nearly entirely <br />comprised Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus). For the latter, the bulk of cover was due to <br />mountain brome (Ceratochloa carinata), while thickspike wheatgrass, slender wheatgrass <br />(Elymus trachycaulus), and western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithir) composed the balance. <br />Also present in the area were bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare), houndstongue, and Canada thistle. <br />Total vegetation cover was 43%. Standing dead (1.6%), litter (11.4%), bare soil (43%), and rock <br />(1%), composed the remainder. Species density was 28 species per 100 sq. m. <br />HERBACEOUS PRODUCTION (TABLE 51 <br />Total production was 2205.5 pounds per acre in this area in 2004. Alfalfa averaged 5.4 pounds <br />per acre. <br />WOODY PLANT DENSITY (TABLE 6) <br />There were an average of 1392 stems per acre of shrubs in 2004. 1,173.6 stems per acre were <br />big sagebrush. 170 were Woods rose (Rosa woodsiq, 40.5 were bitterbrush, and 8.1 were <br />chokecherry (Padus virginiana ssp. melanocarpa). <br />Aspen Extended Reference Area <br />• (Photographs 9through 12) <br />COVER (TABLE 7) <br />31 percent of total vegetation cover was due to native trees, specifically, quaking aspen (Populus <br />tremuloides). Native perennial fortis constituted 29% of total vegetation cover in 2004. One- <br />quarter of the total was due to mountain bluebells (Mertensia ciliata). Western aniseroot <br />(Osmorhiza occidentalis), serrate groundsel (Senecio Serra), and stinging nettle (Urtica gracilis <br />ssp. gracilis) were also prevalent. Native shrubs occupied 24% of total vegetation cover. Within <br />this group, snowberry was the most dominant, with 2/Sths of the total. Saskatoon serviceberry <br />and chokecherry were also common in the area. Native perennial cool season grasses and <br />graminoids contributed 12% to total vegetation cover. Half this total was due to cover by blue <br />wildrye (Elymus glaucus) and '/. to Canada brome (Bromopsis canadensis). Also observed in the <br />area were bull thistle, houndstongue, and Canada thistle. <br />Total vegetation cover was 92.5 percent. Comprising the balance was standing dead (0.7%), <br />litter (3%), bare soil (3.7%), and rock (0.1 %). Species density averaged 39.5 species per 100 <br />sq.m. <br />• <br />