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tailcup lupine, chokecherry lupine, hoary tansyaster, Rocky Mountain penstemon, northwest cinquefoil, yellow tawnymane (pyrrocoma croceal, death camas, and mule's ear. One introduced perennial fort, common dandelion, contributed 0.3 percent of total vegetation cover. Alfalfa was also present in trace amounts. Native annual and biennial forts accounted for 0.9 percent of total vegetation cover. One species, Douglas knotweed, provided all of this percentage. Baby blue-eyes, spreading fleabane (Frigeron diveryensl, and linearleaf collomia were also present. Introduced annual and biennial forts contributed 0.6 percent of total vegetation cover. Prickly lettuce and twolobe speedwell each provided half. of the measured cover. Bull thistle, salsify, and tower mustard were also present. Total vegetation cover averaged 70.4 percent. Standing dead, litter, and bare soil cover averaged 0.8, 22.4, and 6.4 percent, respectively. No rock cover was measured. Species density averaged 31.1 species per 100 sq. m. • No alfalfa occurred in the clipped plots. Together, all other species produced an average of 1,454.3 oveniiry pounds of biomass per acre (Table 22). Shrub density data were not collected in the reference areas. Cover As can be seen in Figure 1, 1993 cover was highest in the reference areas and older Wadge locations (Wadge Pasture and Wadge Pasture '91 areas). PECOCO Pasture was also high but it included reclaimed areas ~ native vegetation. Although direct comparison between years is, in general, not possible, it appears that cover values overall in 1993 have stabilized or slightly increased from the levels of 1992, and are near the levels present prior to the drought period of late 1988 to 1990. The drought that characterized the latter time period seems to have abated (see Climatic Conditions, below), but despite favorable amounts of total precipitation, • 22