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2.1.1 Review o£Blasting Vibration Phenomena: <br />When i~xplosive charges detonau~ iu ruck, nearly all of fhe ~tvatlablc encr~y is used in hrcal<ing and <br />displacing the: rocknr.~es. However, a small portion ul the enet;tiry is released in khc lorni ofvibralion <br />waves, which radiate away front hktsl chat;~rs, When Ihesc clastic slrtin-waves pass through rork <br />orcarUl, Ihcy cause an nscillaling utoiion in f.he;;r~und particles. <br />Abbreviations: <br />SH =Shear wave, horizunlat <br />$V =Shear wave, vcrlic.il <br />IZ = lZttylcigfi wxvc~ <br />I' = Cornpr<~ssiona! wave <br />-~ ~~ ~ <br />Wn~c Extent a - <br />SN <br />Point of Shor~ <br />~ ~~ P <br />f~ <br />t,~. <br />R <br />l~lgtu•e Z. i -~liheai.ioii Waves <br />'~rismi~~ was~<~a eler:i4 9wiih %lisLm+-+~.i.ti ih~~y +r. €+.~~Y ihr<~n~h ~hi• tiurra ~taniling ar~:~. 9'{~~~sr :.,,~~.r. have <br />thllfY'enl I~ND~s, ;nrh ,is Qlnr1~' <and :;z-Ql~7ro Jv2lV~'~. R~MU~u' ~~lY)P~fa'toy'Itilp'ti Will v2Fi'y =;~~fMl~'Whai Wllh <br />~'1Y<Lll;;eS 711 (ui'; l~ r4 ~i d~rtiy ~iUl rho P2ia~ .~i bUhirh ihi'y alir nHli 15 ~a~;iwngll r~V ~'UitSlSl elli.,1 Jnc~ El.l l~~W~ <br />Ya "~Illa~~IPy %1l~T'n~1~~4 ill ~"i In lPOl l1l:IS1111!~ °~~A'i':II,N RI? (1V in~'(1114 all rQ'~atioi!:il li~l5 hrl vb='='31 ~Ittilan~'i' Jil1l <br />Ur~~ s~xpiusivr v~hargi~+luaniilies. l;a<~h tine- ih~.~ eiis+an~~t• is d~:uhlwi, iho ~-titration int~~sasity atrops fu <br />ahoN 9/3 of a. h~~ou~r value. R'he +onsistena~y of xruuntl rnutun+ <~u.e-nuation is ,uppurt~~d try <br />r~•.erarrh dune by l;.ti_ i3nrcau ~,i~ ~7in~~. lNirhnls <•i aL, I'17!I). i'h~- r~~ti<<ir,~i'ir~r. ii>und i6a1 nnd~~r <br />widely vaiynt~ ~'ondilious, ifa sr;tl~°d diataurr of ~~U-Bill,"'~ is uxvd to limit ~hat;;;r wci,x;ltts, it is <br />highly milikely Ural ,~runnd motion would cause an dama,5e. for the purposes ol~gruuud vibratiutt <br />assesnnrents, seated distance (Si)} is di,tanrc li-om Uu~ biarel. divided <br />