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absolute cover (COVER-ALL column in data tables) was calculated by dividing all hits (first-hits • and additional-hits) for particular species by the total number of points taken (100). In addition, all-layer relative cover was calculated using all hits for particular species divided by the total hits accumulated during sampling of the transect. Herbaceous Production Sampling Herbaceous production sampling was accomplished using one-half square meter (0.5 mZ) circular plots within which all herbaceous growth in a vertical projection was clipped and placed in labeled paper bags. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was placed in separate, labeled bags. Lichens, mosses, and woody plant species present in the sample plot were not collected. Clipped material was returned to the ESCO laboratory and dried at 105 °C for 24 hours, then weighed to the nearest 0.1 gm. Woody Plant Density Sampling Woody plant density sampling was undertaken in all sampled reclaimed areas but not in the reference areas. Samples were collected along 50 m transects. All shrubs and subshrubs with root crowns located within the boundaries of 2 X 50 m quadrats (belt transects) were tallied according to species and life stage as either seedling, mature, or dead. The presence of dead • individuals was recorded but did not contribute to woody plant density calculations. Lifeforms Used in Data Presentation To enhance understanding of collected data, a!I data and summary tables are organized by lifeform. Lifeform categories used here reflect growth habit and provenance {place of origin). Categories used are: native annual and biennial forbs, introduced annual and biennial (orbs, introduced annual grasses, native perennial forbs, introduced perennial forbs, native perennial grasses and grass-like plants, introduced perennial grasses, native shrubs, native trees, ferns (and fern-allies), bryophytes (mosses), and lichens. Plant Species Frequency and Density Measurements During the course of cover sampling, all plant species occurring within one meter of either side of the cover sample transect were noted as present. Frequency for each plant species observed during sampling was calculated by dividing the number of sample transects in which the species was observed by the total number of samples (see cover sample distribution by area above). As such, this value is probably more correctly known as constancy. The total number of species within each lifeform observed in each 100 square meter sample provides a measure of "species density", indicating the relative species richness of different . 2