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the most common species with eight-tenths of cover for the lifeform. Also contributing were slender wheatgrass (Elmus trachycaulus), Agassiz bluegrass (Poa agassizensis), and green • needlegrass (Nassella viridula). Introduced annual and biennial forbs composed 19.7 percent of total vegetation cover. Yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) was the most prevalent, with close to 7% total vegetation cover. Also common were hound's tongue (Cynog/ossum officinale), prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola), and black medic (Medicago lupulina). Comprising 14.4 percent total vegetation cover were native perennial forbs. Over half of this total was from tailcup lupine (Lupinus caudatus) while the remainder was shared by showy goldeneye (Heliomeris multiflora), American vetch (Vicia americans), James starwort (Pseudostellaria jamesiana), and Pacific aster (Virgulaster ascendens). Native trees, specifically quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) composed 6.6% of total vegetation cover. Lifeforms with under 5% of total vegetation cover included native annual and biennial forbs, introduced perennial forbs, introduced perennial wol season grasses, and native shrubs. Also present were introduced annual grasses and introduced shrubs. Total vegetation cover for the area was 26.2 percent. Standing dead, litter, bare soil, and rock measured 0.2%, 21.8%, 49.2%, and 2.6% of total cover, respectively. Species density averaged 21 species per 100 sq.m. Aspen Extended Reference Area • (Photographs 5 through 8) COVER (TABLE.4) Native perennial forbs accounted for 31.5 percent of total vegetation cover. Mountain bluebells (Mertensia ciliata), sweet Cicely (Osmorhiza chilensis), cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia ampla), and serrate groundsel (Senecio Serra) were the most common species accounting for 8.38%, 5.78%, 4.27%, and 4.11% of total vegetation cover, respectively. Native shrubs and native trees were also dominant lifeforms in this area. Native shrubs comprised 28.2 percent of total vegetation cover. Dominant species were Saskatoon snowberry (12.66%) and snowberry (12.07%). Native trees, specifically quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) accounted for 28.1 percent of total vegetation cover. Native perennial cool season grasses composed 9.4 percent total vegetation cover. Slender wheatgrass and blue wildrye (Elymus glaucus) were the most common species in this lifeform with 5/10'"° and 4/10"~ of total vegetation cover. Introduced annual and biennial forbs, introduced perennial forbs, native annual and biennial forbs, and introduced perennial grasses each composed less than 2% of total vegetation cover. Total vegetation cover for the area in 2003 was "84.8, with total herbaceous cover of 27.8%. Litter, bare soil, and standing dead comprised 9.9%, 4.4%, and 0.9% of total cover, respectively. •