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2.1.1 Review of Blasting Vibration Phenomena: <br />When explosive. char~~~~s delunatc in rock, nearly all of the availabl<~ energy is used in breaking and <br />displacing the rockmass. iiowcvcr, a snrttl portion of (he enci;gy is rv-leatsed in the li~rm of vibral.ion <br />waves, which radiate away from blast c.h:u-ge~s. Whin Ihesc ~°lastic strain-waves pass ~hroug~h rock <br />or earth, they cause an oscillating motion in the ground panicles. <br />Abbreviations: <br />Si-1 =Shear wave, horizontal <br />SV =Shear wave, vertical <br />R = Rayleigh wav~- <br />N = Gompressionul wave <br />~I ~ P r. , <br />Wave Extent f_~ ^ ~ _/~, -~~~ <br />SN <br />i '1`. <br />Point of Shot ~ ' ~~~ <br />R <br />I•'+~ur<~ >_ i -VahraP.iuii Waves <br />So~ismir way+a •s drraV %v~ih tlislau~ r .3ti aha~y +a~ttr.;'I ih~aet~gh ate ~aYrr~+~aa5~lin~, ~~ra°,i. 8~1e<:.r ~~,at-+'s have <br />~.lilli•rrui iiicen<, airti as dn~de~ xu1~l snrfiir~~ vvav~y. ~~du•ir „~har;~rgorisiics wi[l vary aom~~whai wish <br />rh:at,q~~s 1n inral ~~olo~y ln_ii sh<~ f~Clir ~a~ tiohirh ihry ~Gr uni Is rra9on;51~iy ,vosisn~n~., and allows <br />rr ~il~ahlry .1tirlb yeti lu ruili5'a 11 ~I~a:;l I11!J, °rl3ri ~lf i~glT by inrallS ~~~~ rr l;ll l~nl~ltips brl yi~e'Yil IIItif Api'a' 0.1n11 <br />~iu• ~~xplosi~~~ a~har,c ,luaniiii~s. 1';nrh ~imc ahr disianr+- is dnuhlcd, dhc vihration in~cnsi~y drops !u <br />ab~~ul 1/i3 .ai aln i~,r~urr valor. p'h~~ +~+~n~isirury nC r~rnnnd nRUl~ian~~ .tftcnualinn is snpportcd Say <br />r~•s~'arrh done by l.S. Bnrc:LU ~~i~ laliurs (!Virhols rt .d., IJ7!)i. 1'h~~ r,•s~•arrhrrx ii~un~l +haf under <br />widely v~ryn~g ronditiuns, if.~ ,~•;~frd dis4ux~r of gill-Ilifb"'~ is tisrtl to limit rhai;;~~ tvcighh~, it is <br />highly milikcly~that Around motion would cause an damtigr. I~or 7.ha~ pui~wses ofgruund vibration <br />assessmen LS, scaled distance (Sly) is distance from Chr hlasl divided <br />