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8. Boulder County, Tracy Collins parcel, Coal Creek, City
<br /> of Boulder Open Space Department, 1989, 3 (Dawson
<br /> 1989).
<br /> 9. Boulder County, VanVleet parcel, City of Boulder Open
<br /> Space Department, 1992, 1,captured during live-trapping
<br /> as part of Status Survey, identified by Stephen A.
<br /> Compton and Dr. David M. Armstrong, director of the
<br /> University of Colorado Museum.
<br /> 2. Wyoming
<br /> a. Study skin location data
<br /> 1. Albany County, Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak, 63GO
<br /> ft., 5 (USNM) (Long 1965, Krutzsch 1954).
<br /> b. Study skins having ambiguous or incomplete locality
<br /> information
<br /> 1. Laramie County, Cheyenne, 1 (USNM) (Long 1965,
<br /> Krutzsch 1954).
<br /> C. Additional records
<br /> 1. Platte County, Chugwater, 1 (Krutzsch 1954).
<br /> C. Biogeographical and phylogenetic history- Krutzsch (1954) provides an
<br /> excellent description of the paleontology and biogeographical history of the
<br /> species Z. hudsonius. In summary, the fossil record of the genus Zapus is scanty.
<br /> Krutzsch (1954) considered the extinct genus Pliompus of the Mid Pliocene a
<br /> direct ancestor to the genera Eozapus, Zapus, and Napaeozapus, with all four
<br /> genera belonging to the subfamily Zapodinae. Krutzsch (1954) considered that
<br /> the Asiatic Recent Genus Eozapus has not progressed much beyond the Pliocene
<br /> stage in zapidine evolution (i.e., Pliozapus), while the North American Recent
<br /> Genus Zapus essentially achieved its present form by early Pleistocene times, and
<br /> the Recent Genus Napaeozapus achieved its more progressive structure by mid-
<br /> Pleistocene times. There are two reports of lower jaws of Zapus from the
<br /> Pleistocene. The jaws were found in the Port Kennedy Cave fauna of
<br /> Pennsylvania, and the Cumberland Cave of Maryland. Two extinct species have
<br /> been described that resemble Z. hudsonius. The extinct species are Z. burti
<br /> Hibbard of the mid-Pleistocene of Kansas, and Z. rinkeri Hibbard of the Blancan
<br /> Age of Kansas. The three species Z. rinkeri, Z. burti, and Z. hudsonius represent
<br /> a structurally and geographically progressive series, and show a trend in dentition
<br /> from broad, bmchydont cheek-teeth to narrow, semi-hypsodont cheek-teeth.
<br /> 6. Habitat
<br /> A. Concise statement of general environment and habitat- Throughout its range,
<br /> Z. hudsonius may occur in low undergrowth consisting of grasses or forbs or
<br /> both, in open coniferous forests, deciduous hardwood groves, or in stands of tall
<br /> shrubs and low trees, but most frequently in open, moist areas (Krutzsch 1954).
<br /> Z. hudsonius prefers moist lowland habitats to drier upland habitats (Quimby
<br /> 1951, Armstrong 1972).
<br /> B. Physical characteristics
<br /> 1. Moisture requirements- Z. hudsonius prefers moist habitats to drier
<br /> upland habitats (Quimby 1951, Armstrong 1972), but it is not known
<br /> what level of moisture may be required by the species. Soil moisture
<br /> seems to have little or no direct effect on populations of Zapus, except
<br /> Fw1 S-n,e Swey
<br /> Piw=Bcs.Bea
<br /> NurJt 24. 1993 r
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