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nitrogen values aze good and range from 0.88 to 10.8, with an average value of 2.85 <br />(low). Textures aze suitable and include loam, silt loam, and sandy loam. <br />"Potential Soil Borrow Area" <br />For the approximate 5 to 10-acre soil borrow azea, all parameters aze evaluated as good <br />(suitable) including pH and ABP. Across the five samples collected on the azea, soil pH <br />ranges from 7.3 (neutral) to 7.7 (slightly alkaline), with an average of 7.5 (slightly <br />alkaline). Saturation percent averages 36.5 percent, EC averages 0.45 (nonsaline), SAR <br />averages 0.14 (nonsodic), nitrate-nitrogen averages 4.6 ppm, and texture is clay loam. <br />All acid-base potential values are very positive with a range of+11.2 to +99.1, with an <br />average ABP of+69.3. <br />Reclamation Options for Remediation of the Problem Area <br />Two types of remediation action are available for reclamation of the problem area: (1) <br />soil salvage from the neazby borrow area and reapplication to the problem area, or (2) <br />chemical amendment. The neazby potential borrow azea described above could be used, <br />if available, as suitable-rated "soil" for reapplication to the `4evegetation problem azea". <br />Approximately 24 to 30 inches of suitable material should be sufficient to provide an <br />adequate plant growth medium, assuming the receiving land surface is stable and the <br />erosion hazard is minimized. <br />. The second option is chemical amendment, including the application of one or more of <br />several possible imported alkaline materials such as limestone (CaCO3), lime [Ca(OH)2], <br />blast furnace slag (CaSiO3), fly ash, or cement kiln dust (CaO) (UDOGM, 2003). The <br />amount of calcium cazbonate to apply is calculated based upon the total sulfur and <br />calcium cazbonate content of the problem area surficial material (Sobek, et.al., 1978; <br />Cravotta, et.al., 1990; Skousen, 1991). The effectiveness of limestone as calcite (CaCO3) <br />or dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) is based on particle size and purity. Therefore, the larger the <br />particle, the lower the effectiveness. The rest of the alkaline substances aze generally <br />very reactive and uniform incorporation into the receiving material increases their <br />effectiveness (Evangelou, 2000). <br />4.0 <br />Cravotta, C.A., et.al. 1990. Effectiveness of the Addition of Alkaline Materials at Surface <br />Coal Mines in Preventing or Abating Acid Mine Drainage: Part 1. Geochemical <br />Considerations. In. Mining and Reclamation Conference and Exhibition, Chazleston, <br />West Virginia. <br />Evangelou, V.P. 2000. Soil Geochemisty for Arid and Semiazid Environments. Office of <br />Surface Mining/Office of Technology Transfer August 7, 2000. <br />r~ <br />LJ <br />11 <br />