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• Sample points were located in the field using aerial and topographic maps and pacing from <br />known locations. Cover and woody density transects were located and oriented using a blind <br />throw of a meter stick. The final location of each herbaceous production plot was chosen with a <br />blind throw of the sampling hoop made from the origin of the associated cover7woody plant <br />density transect. At each cover/woody plant density sampling location, the slope (percent) and <br />aspect of the site (in degrees not corrected for magnetic declination) were determined and <br />recorded, as was the orientation of the transect (in degrees not corrected for magnetic <br />declination). <br />Sample Adequacy Calculations <br />Sample adequacy calculations parameter estimation without hypothesis testing were carried out <br />using the formula as prescribed by the Colorado Mined Land Reclamation Board for parameter <br />estimation without hypothesis testing (DMG) (1995): <br />I SZ <br />Nmin= ----'--^--- <br />~d X ~z <br />where: <br />to =one-tailed t-value with (n-1) degrees of freedom, a=0.10 <br />s2 =sample variance <br />d = 0.1 (level of precision or desired detectable reduction) <br />x =sample mean <br />Confidence Limits <br />Confidence limits for comparisons to reference areas and technical standards were calculated <br />using a 1-tailed t-value for alpha error probability of 0.10 at (n-1) degrees of freedom multiplied <br />by the standard error of the mean of the sampled area. <br />C.I. = 4 s <br /> ~n <br />