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Topsoil stockpiles, areas requiring temporary reclamation for approximately one year or longer, and roadside <br />disturbances will be seeded with Seed Mix No. 3 (Table 13-3). Species selection was based on the need for <br />rapid establishment; longevity; adaptability to a range of soil textures, aspects, and slopes; sod forming <br />ability; presence of species that have deep root systems or a large and fibrous root mass; and a level of <br />nitrogen maintenance in the soil or plant growth medium. An effort was made to balance the composition <br />of the mix in favor of native species while still maximizing the potential for effectiveness. <br />Seed Mix No. 4 (Table 13-4) is a list of annual grains which will be used for cover copping in reGaimed <br />areas, or as vegetative stabilization for areas needing protection for approximately one year ar less. Barley, <br />oats, or winter wheat will be used depending on the season in which seeding will be done. Cover cropping <br />may be done alone (at times other than the normal fall planting period) or simultaneously with fall planting. <br />Competition with perennial spaces will not be a problem because of the relatively low seeding rates used <br />(normal crop production seeding rates for annual grains are 50 to 60 pounds per acre) and the annual <br />rainfall received at the Seneca II Mine. The use of an annual grain will also compliment the permanent mix. <br />Whhin the permanent mix are species that have different rates of establishment and longevity. As an <br />example, slender wheatgrass is one of the eadiest establishing perennial grasses, but is not as long-lived as <br />later establishing perennial species. The annual grains establish faster than the perennial species, including <br />slender wheatgrass, and help to develop an effective cover more rapidly. Establishing perennial species will • <br />have replaced most or all annual grains by the next growing season. This is supported by annual <br />observations of seeded areas. Time of seeding will determine which species is used. Winter wheat seeded <br />in the late spring or badey or oats seeded in the summer or eady fall will fail to mature a grain crop, and thus <br />reduce volunteering, Cover cops have been used effectively for a number of years at the Seneca II Mine. <br />TABLE 13-4 <br />SEED MIX N0.4 -COVER CROP <br /> Drill Rate <br /> P.L.S. <br />Species IbslAue <br />1. Hordeum vulcare Sixrow badey 20 <br />2. Triticum aestivum Winter wheat 20 <br />3. Avena sativa Oats 20 <br />'Broadcast rate is double the drill seeding rate <br />In order to consider all shrub establishment technologies, concentrated seeding of shrubs is inctuded as an • <br />TR-37 13-16 Revised 04/05 <br />