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-9- <br />• Other aboriginal groups to visit the park are the Crov, Sioux, and <br />Cheyenne. Following the Sand Creek Massacre in November-..1864, the <br />Southezn Cheyenne and Arapahoe were moved to reservations in <br />Oklahoma (R. Athearn 1976: 75-76). The IItes were gradually moved <br />to reservations in IItah and southwestern Colorado fblloving the <br />Meeker Massacre in 1879 (F. Athearn 1976: 51). Evidence of historic <br />aboriginal utilization of North Park includes standing tipi structures, <br />burial trees, metal projectile points, and trade beads (Gresham 1975: <br />12; Lischka personal communication), <br />Euro-american Background <br />The first Euro-americans to exploit the park were the fur trap?ers <br />in the 1820's. These included Bill Williams, ]Cit Carson, Sublet'e a-' <br />• oasquez (Gresham 1975: 8). John C. Fremont visited the Park in 15~~i. <br /> In 1846, he discovered gold on Independence Mountain (Gresham 1915: <br />9). <br />The first white settlers in the park were James Pinkham, a:,o <br />arrived on June 12, 1875, and August Speck, who arrived three dacs <br />later. Both came to the park to prospect and hunt (Gresham 1°;~: l~). <br />Many miLerS fOilOS:ed .:C ia. r.i:: i~lty tilt yore. :ci.i2r Vl t~ di. ~. .u.n <br />City were founded in 1879 by these miners (Gresham 1975: 47, 5n), <br />Walden vas first established as a post of `.ice ir. 1331 (Gresha::. 1;;~. <br />355). <br />Cattle and hay began to play their important role in the history <br />of North Park in 1878 and 1879. The production of hay vas essential <br />. since the park is under snow for more than half of the year ar.d the <br />cattle must be fed. <br />