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species transplanting efforts during the last ten years have shown that <br />• nominal, usually unacceptable results, are realized when this is undertaken <br /> on reclaimed lands. Plant survival after several years is normally less <br /> than one percent when using containerized stock. Therefore, transplanting <br /> may be conducted on a limited scale on reclaimed areas, but only after <br /> other, more reasonable methods of establishing woody species have failed <br /> and it is determined that the presence of additional woody species is <br /> essential to the long-term ability of the reclaimed land to support the <br /> postmining land use. <br /> Revegetation standards require that woody plants average 1,000 stems <br /> per acre on the areas reclaimed using topsoil materials at the time that <br /> phase III revegetation bond release is requested. Exhibit 9.4-1 delineates <br /> a conceptualized distribution of woody species meeting this requirement. <br /> Should the establishment of woody species from volunteer sources in <br /> Rotocleared soils, wind blown sources from around the perimeter of the <br /> disturbed area and the planting of woody species in the permanent rangeland <br /> seed mixture fail to meet the minimum stocking requirement, transplanting <br /> may be undertaken in an effort to satisfy it. <br /> Transplants will be arranged to maximize their benefits as seed <br /> sources and provide other environmental benefits. Factors that will <br />• influence composition and arrangement of groupings include, but are not <br /> limited to: 1) Augmentation of stocking densities; 2) Providing cover and <br /> forage for domestic livestock; 3) Providing cover, food and edge effect for <br /> wildlife; 4) Wind and water erosion control; 5) Creating "snow fences" <br /> (hedges); 6) Slope and aspect of the site; and 7) Soil moisture regimes. <br /> Any of the species contained in Table 4.9-1 may be considered for <br /> transplanting purposes. <br /> P6M's experience to date further indicates that shrub and tree <br /> transplants planted during the first year of revegetation efforts are <br /> extremely vulnerable to herb ivory by rodents and larger wildlife species, <br /> and to environmental stresses. Based on this observation, transplanting <br /> will be undertaken after the grass, forb and shrub cover from seeding and <br /> volunteer growth has had time to develop. Transplanting will be undertaken <br /> only after a written plan has been submitted to and approved by the CDMG <br /> for implementation. The need to conduct transplanting will be determined <br /> through monitoring of revegetated areas as described in 9.4.4. When <br /> transplanting is required, site specific plans will be formulated, based on <br /> monitoring information, which address the deficiencies detected through <br /> monitoring. <br />r~ <br />L_J <br />Renewal-3 9.9-18 June 13, 1997 <br />