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A11 of the acreage i~ed as range. The main
<br />concerns in management are keeping the range in good
<br />condition and controlling surface runoff. Runoff
<br />increases on overgrazed range but can be retarded
<br />by applying mechanical water conservation practices.
<br />(Nonirrigated capability unit VIe-1; Loamy Plains
<br />range site)
<br />Manzanola Series
<br />The Monza nola series consists of deep, well-
<br />drained, nearly level, loamy soils on stream ter-
<br />races and fans. They are extensive soils of the
<br />n onirrigated part of the county.
<br />In a typical profile the surface layer, about 3
<br />inches thick, is light brownish-gray loam that is
<br />slightly hard when dry and very friable when moist.
<br />The subsoil, about 30 inches thick, is brown to
<br />pale-brown clay loam. It parts to vertically elon-
<br />gated pieces about an inch in diameter. The pieces
<br />are hard and very hard when dry and firm when moist.
<br />The material below a depth of 33 inches is light
<br />yellowish-brown clay loam that contains fine gypsum
<br />cr}•s tats.
<br />Manzanola soils have a moderate intake rate, me-
<br />dium surface runoff, moderately slow permeability,
<br />and high water-holding capacity. Occasionally these
<br />soils receive runoff water from higher ground or are
<br />flooded with water from streams. The water erosion
<br />hazard is moderate to high.
<br />A11 of this acreage is used as range. The prin-
<br />cipal grasses are blue grama, galleia, and alkali
<br />sacaton. Fo urwing saltbush is present in most
<br />areas.
<br />Typical profile of Manzanola loam, 0 to 1 percent
<br />slopes, in an area of native range, 0.15 mile south
<br />of the northeast corner of sec. 4, T. 28 S., R. 56
<br />w.
<br />A--O to 3 inches, light brownish-gray (lOYR 6J2)
<br />loam, dark grayish brown (lOYR 4/2) when
<br />moist; weak, medium, platy structure that
<br />parts to moderate, medium, crumb; slightly
<br />hard when dry, very friable when moist; very
<br />strongly calcareous, pH 7.7; abrupt, smooth
<br />boundary.
<br />B21t--3 to 9 inches, brown (lOYR S/3) silty clay
<br />loam, dark brown (]OYR 4/3) when moist; weak
<br />to moderate, medium, prismatic structure that
<br />parts to weak to moderate, medium, subangular
<br />blocky; hard when dry, firm when moist; thin
<br />continuous clay skins; very strongly calcare-
<br />ous, pH 7. 8; clear, smooth boundary.
<br />B22t--9 to 18 inches, brown (lOYR S/3) silty clay
<br />loam, dark brown (lOYR 4/3) when moist; weak,
<br />medium, prismatic structure that parts to
<br />moderate, medium, subangular blocky; hard
<br />when dry, firm when moist; thin continuous
<br />clay films; very strong]}' calcareous, pH 7.9;
<br />clear, smooth boundary.
<br />Baca--18 to 33 inches, pale-brown (lOYR 6/3) clay
<br />loam, yellowish brown (lOYR 5/4) when moist;
<br />weak to moderate, coarse, prismatic structure
<br />that parts to moderate, medium, subangular
<br />blocky; very hard when dry, firm when moist•
<br />thin patchy clay films; common medium lime
<br />concretions; very strongly calcareous, pH 8.1
<br />gradual, smooth boundary.
<br />Cca--33 to 60 inches, light yellowish-brown (]OYR
<br />6/4) clay loam, dark yellowish brown (]O1'R
<br />4/4) when moist; structureless; hard when dry
<br />firm when moist; few fine gypsum crystals at
<br />depths of from 50 to 60 inches; very strongly
<br />calcareous.
<br />Both loam and clay loam .A horizons are common.
<br />The B horizon is silty clay loam or silty clay, 18
<br />to 30 inches thick. The C horizon in places is
<br />strongly alkaline and ranges from clay loam to loam
<br />in texture.
<br />Manzanola soils are associated with Baca, Limon,
<br />Afinnequa, Haverson, and Tyrone soils. They are most
<br />like the Baca soils except that they have thicker
<br />subsoils and contain lime in al] of the horizons,
<br />Manzanola loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes (A1bA),--
<br />This soil has the profile described as typical for
<br />the series. It occurs on nearly level creek ter-
<br />races in elongated areas up to 1,000 or more acres
<br />in size. The stream channel passes through areas of
<br />this sail, but flooding is seldom.
<br />The principal inclusions are Haverson loam, 0 to
<br />3 percent slopes, and Limon silly clay, 0 io 3 per-
<br />cent slopes, which are most likely to be near the
<br />stream channel. These inclusions account for about
<br />5 percent of each mapped area.
<br />This soil is above average in fertility. It has
<br />high water-holding capacity, and the water is read-
<br />ily released to plant roots. In places there is
<br />severe erosion as floodwater washes over stream-
<br />bariks. Nearly all areas have varying amounts of
<br />fourwing saltbush. (Nonirrigated capability unit
<br />VIe-4; Saline Overflow range site)
<br />Manzanola clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes
<br />(A1c B).--This soil has the profile resembling that
<br />described as typical for the series, but it has a
<br />clay loam surface ]a}•er and is more sloping. It
<br />occurs as areas up to 400 acres in size on toe
<br />slopes that are usually below limestone breaks and
<br />escarpments.
<br />The principal inclusions are hlanve] silt loam, 0
<br />to 3 percent slopes, and Cadoma clay, ? to 12 per-
<br />cent slopes. Taken together these inclusions
<br />account for less than 5 percent of each mapped area.
<br />Surface runoff is faster and water intake is
<br />slower than on Manzanola loam, 0 to 1 percent
<br />slopes. The water erosion hazard is high. In
<br />places there are many shallow gullies.
<br />The principal native grass is galleta, and there
<br />are lesser amounts of blue grama and western wheat-
<br />grass. Reducing runoff helps to control erosion
<br />and to increase production of grass. (Nonirrigated
<br />capability unit VIe-1; Loamy Plains range site)
<br />Alan zan ola soils, eroded (0 to 3 percent slopes)
<br />(A1d2).--This soil occurs on creek terraces in areas
<br />up to 60 acres in size,
<br />18
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