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f°othills around the the shown ou d opulation of mule deer inhabitwinter range as levels farce them into their rea. A scattere P ermit n ~ to fall until snow in sPr'tt° h incidence of mule northwest hot+^da ertmit area fro where a lug collisions perimeter of the P iological Features. or higltvvays of deerlvehicle ale Deer B [retches of mat in their study four hours after Map 20. M focused on s eed (n.dJ ercent kill studies have Myers and R between sunset ~°aanal 17~G P road-' r°ad-kills accused and an ad ers and Reed Most big Sipe been documented. of deer to sunrise, eeds collisions has ercent efore sunrise onset to sunrise. MY dcerlvehide found that 53.2 P from s at highway sP Colorado from three hours b ercent killed yt In a study along throughout were killed for a total of 80.5 p than 50 mp m (Reed Only 9 ~ Percent ni ht, of mule deedvelricle collisions o'=~urre 0:00 p of din g ercent) seeds greater 00 and 1 id trot sunset. Drily (87 P ccurred at P were killed at other times occurred between ' resented data that the eT~ent of all collisions a f deer were killed itlight (n.d.) also P 5~ percent of the deer fatalities realest numc cut red during ntght sp nitudc m hand that 70 P f hi hway where the g were f the mag eer greater than 40 Glenwood Spt'ngs, a knowledge ° It rs High 82 south of that the sections o g kill areas, along a highway 1969) also found of highway where the most live ~Ce ate Reed ( sections identify problem road- " con S 1969), with the in order to where deer to elk, but few studies focusing on correlate that, kn°vving licable an indication that the always 1969) concluded in addition to so ba app kills maY be ` esult of an surveys. Reed ( road-kills is needed would al- on elk road-" old be a r deer f studies llisions- This C° ects of an elk's and location of The general lack o more that the c°nclusions made ur these stn 1e4 for deerlvehtclebe related to different asp were assumed could he found, than that ht andtor found that elk collisions avoid at mg ) 197h), it was 3st 0.25 mi (400 elklvebicle ollisions rs much see and ward et al. ( sta at lei uency of elklvehicle c it easier to that elk preferred to lovv traffic periods. Elk freq ,realer size Unaking to deer. In studies by noted es (perry m ared tonghorn. They n ht during elation tyP elks much b roads as co P and P elk occurred at r g r,n veg to the hwaY crossings by ass through °P slo e pefpendiculare their behavior along st hig incteas roads and roads that p where the P would sensitive to traff+~ than were mule eer . vin ~ traffrc, and that mo main referred to cross roads a road nt) from mo b ronounced for when approaching f roads rs more P 1980) showed that elk p w slopes avoidance a shall° lis+on, ark, it 197`+) ward et al. (This preference fOr the potential for col werttyrnile P and Overly ercent reducing in T thereby eer numbers road was less than 20 P r otorists, elk and mule d Ik dunnS fall migratio''a a ess visibility to approaching above on with e " and discussed be associated where haul ` derive resented road-kills maY elk and mule deer is impassible to ame wintering otentials no adetnpts Based on the information D ential for b'g S rating elk and for nitude of these p viewed, Ver reatest p ring mig The actual mag the studies re Chang°s ° appears that the g e ected for sp range weather, kills versus traffic levels. n potential would ba e. P Variables such as difficult to ro~im'ty to critical winter road-" e it extremely eerlvehicle traffic level°s.raPhy etc. mak f mule d roads travel rn P .' f road-kills versus increased levels, top g hest incidence o 0 near Rifle) °r without baseline mfonnah°" on the number ° of traffic e hi rate 7 ect number ° timing Inters Greek ode to PrO] and numbers, Colorado that have had th the Plceance were m areas in ration routes (e•g ~ e (e_g•. Oil Shale in animal mpVement istorically, traditional miScritical winter rang ' the Union time ro actions. H hways crossed areas or Valley) to to be mach make such P J where maJor hrg ncentration parachute (Grand ecied roads been deer winter co k Road from Mine would be exp collisions have u h mule Gree' aidel Greek in the locations of roads run tlvo g with the F als involved and kills associated where nsin or the Park `~ [associated of anim otentiai for road-' e time through piceance B` acne road- umber with th {load the total n end to reduce the P will not coincide of concern The potential for bige to differences m other factors t ee shift changes ecies the plant) es. Several employ the prlncrpal sP And lastly, critical winter rang first and foremost, Secondly, Area less than these sinrations oration. F hours after). vehicle collisigofeholelShaft with respect to ntij1e op sunset to four to be less prone to Creek e is highest ( ears 5 mph for the Sish Greek with the Foidel also be 3 amelvehicle collisions• when toad-krll mcidenc will period virue of its size and~ehaa ids ap otential for big g mass would be elk, which hY reduce the p of existing the haul road is 35 tti5cantly the posted speed limit forced limits should sig line road-kills, the effacuvenefosr detenntrting s road. These sp also be analyzed ,nstalted to acces_ of or p°[ential for hrg gram should have been the incidence °f installing such a Y transit s)'ste°rs to assess where mass Aside from tr}'ing benefit ratio few cases in the state s stems and the costl { 10102197 stem. There are Revrse~ transrt Y need far a mass transrt sy 2 04.77