2006-12-28_PERMIT FILE - M2006085

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Page 14 of 23 MANAGEMENT Appendix 1 Figure 2: DALMATION TOADFLAX [Lirraria dalmatica (L.) Mill. = Linaria gentstifolia ssp. dalmatica (L.) Maire 8c Petitmengin]. Noxious. This differs from yellow toadflax principally in being larger and having differently shaped leaves. Clumps of stems are 3 to 4 feet tall. Waxy leaves aze broad, ovate, sometimes heart shaped and upper leaves clasp the stem (an important difference). Seeds are irregulaz in shape, angulaz, somewhat flattened, thin-edged, strongly netted, tan-gray and 1/24 to 1/16 inch across. It is not as common, but is more aggressive than yellow toadflax. It is reported in various parts of the state from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. All toadflax species are very difficult to control and management plans should integrate as many strategies as possible to increase potential for success. Assess the condition and composition of the existing plant community in an infested area then determine the approximate composition of the desired plant community needed to achieve land management goals and objectives. Create a management plan that combines various control strategies to foster development of the desired plant community. Chemical COrIMOI of Yellow Toadtlai Yellow toadflax appeazs to be more difficult to manage than Dalmatian toadflax. In Colorado, control from Tordon applied ar flowering has been most consistent and typically, 4 pUA is recommended. Yellow toadflax usually recovers from a single application. For example, Tordon applied at 4 or 8 pt/A controlled 13 percent and 69 percent of yellow toadflax three years after treatments were applied. Other research conducted in Colorado suggests that yellow toadflax control may be improved if Tordon is applied over three consecutive years, but control varied with location. in one experiment conducted at high altitude (Camp Hale; elevation approximately 1Q000 feet), 4 pt/A of Tordon applied at flowering for three consecutive years decreased shoot density to zero. However, the same treatment applied for three years at two other locations (White River drainage, elevation approximately 8,500 feet) controlled 69 percent and 35 percent of yellow toadflax. Telaz also may be used to control yellow toadflax in non-crop areas. In an experiment conducted in Middle Park near Parshall, Telaz at 1.25 ounceJA applied during flowering or in fall controlled 84 percent of yellow toadflax one year later. Escort, 2,4-D amine, Banvel, and Paramount controlled from 5 percent to 24 percent of yellow toadflax one year after single treatments were applied at flowering. Plateau showed some potential to control yellow toadflax in another Colorado experiment where 8 fluid ounces per acre applied once in fall controlled 59 percent of yellow toadflax one year later. While this level of control is unsatisfactory, sequential treatments may increase control but experiments must be conducted to test this hypothesis. Mechanical and Chemical Control of Yellow Toadflaa Mowing combined with spraying Tordon did aot improve control in an experiment conducted near Hesperus, Colorado. Yellow toadflax was mowed three times per year then treated with Tordon at 4 pt/A in fall for two consecutive years and wmpared to Tordon applied at 4 pt/A at flowering also for two consecutive years. Yellow toadflax control was the same (85 percent) whether Tordon treatments were combined with mowing or not.