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1'egc tt ul ?~ <br />Aplxntlis E <br />Perennial &~wthude arc highly rnmpetrtive, persratent, and can rapidly a+loniu nrw srtes by vegeutnvc <br />rc7mxluctiun Perennial Sowthistle srldom Ilowers m the first year With true roots tins pl:mt areM1s <br />underground and comes up mrters away flowers open two to thrr hrxrrs a(lrr sunnse and close around <br />narn Seeds air dispersed around ten days aRrr first tq,cmng \Vith nu dnrmancv pernxf a seed fomt the <br />prcvunis year will germinate next spring If seed m water fur morn than throe months a tvdl dcexnposr <br />Perennial Suwrhistle also produces seeds Perrnnial Sowthude thnvcs un nonrampacted, fine ,rich <br />tightly alkaline to neutral sods 7oleratrs scxne salinity <br />Mechanical Control of <br />Ity hlhng hclvw 3t1 cm ar leaving Ihent on the surface a+de~cicate may reduce mfestauons 1'he upumal <br />liming fur rultivnuon to reduce rout energy n~scncs rs when plants is just emcrgmg loon the ground <br />Rcpeatetil culuvatiat will be nccwsarv fur must mfestaunns <br />('hemirrtl ('antrol of Plumdas'(histle <br />Ausm type herfiieidcs etch as 2, 7K1. ditamba, h1("PA, and dcyryrafid hate l,rrn rtlccuvr wnh repeated <br />nppliwtiuns when plants arc in the seedling or early bud stagts (ilvphosatr may alsr, br applied as <br />cllil9ivc spot trcannrnt <br />M A\:Ua:A1f;~T <br />