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<br /> REPORT TERMINOLOGY <br /> (Based on ASTM D6531 <br /> Expansive Potential The potential of a soil to expand (increase in volume) due to absorption of <br /> moisture. <br />' Finished Grade The final grade created as a part of the project. <br />~ Footing A portion of the foundation of a structure that transmits Iaads directly to the <br /> soil. <br /> Foundation The lower part of a structure that transmits the loads to the soil or bedrock. <br /> Frost Oepth The depth of which the ground becomes frozen during the winter season.' <br />_ Grade Beam A foundation element or wall, typically constructed of reinforced concrete, <br />_ used to span between other foundation elements such as drilled piers. <br /> Groundwater Subsurface water found in the zone of saturation of soils, or within fractures <br /> in bedrock. <br />~ Heave Upward movement. <br /> Litho%gic The characteristics which describe the composition and texture of soil and <br /> <br />I rock by observation. <br />f Native Grade The naturally occuring ground surface. <br /> Native Soi/ Naturally occurring on-site soil, sometimes referred to as natural soil. <br /> Optimum Moisture The water content at which a soil can be compacted to a maximum dry unit <br /> Content weight by a given compactive effort. <br /> Perched Water Groundwater, usually of limited area maintained above a normal water <br /> elevation by the presence of an intervening relatively impervious continuing <br /> stratum. <br /> Scarify To mechanically loosen soil or break down existing soil structure. <br /> Sett/emenf Downward movement. <br />I' Skin Friction /Side The frictional resistance developed between soil and an element of structure <br />' Shear) such as a drilled pier or shaft. <br /> Soi! (earth) Sediments or other unconsolidated accumulations of solid particles produced <br /> by the physical and chemical disintegration of rocks, and which may or may <br /> not contain organic matter. <br /> Strain The change in length per unit of length in a given direction. <br /> Stress The force per unit area acting within a soil mass. <br /> Strip To remove from present location. <br /> Subbase A layer of specified material in a pavement system between the subgrade and <br /> base course. <br /> subgrade The sail prepared and compacted tc support a structure, slab or pavement <br /> system. <br /> l~~rracon_ <br />