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• 2.0 Water Treatment Chemistry <br />The water treatment plant was designed to treat mine water over a range of reported <br />values for Radium, Uranium, Arsenic, and Selenium. Historical mine drainage data for <br />the Packrat Mine was obtained from draft Permit No CO-0043515 (Umetco Minerals <br />Corporation) that was prepared in the mid 1990s. Water quality data for the Urantah <br />Decline (i.e., Whirlwind Tunnel) was obtained from recent water sampling of the mine <br />sump by Energy Fuels. <br />The water treatment methods were selected based upon the available water quality data. <br />The selected treatment methods are described below. <br />Radium <br />Expected range of activity levels: 5 to 15 pCi/L <br />Expected discharge standard: 5 pCi/I, (Segment 3a of the Lower Dolores River water <br />quality standard) <br />Radium is traditionally removed from waters by the addition of barium chloride (BaCI). <br />Test work by Hazen on water with a similar chemical profile found that the addition of 30 <br />mg/L of BaCI is sufficient to reduce the Radium levels to < 5 pCi/L, the target discharge <br />level. <br />• Recent bench scale testing by Lyntek at another Energy Fuels mine in the same formation <br />(near La Sal, Utah) with similar water; showed a 69% reduction in the Radium level <br />when treated with barium chloride and ferric sulfate, at the design dosage. The untreated <br />water had aRadium-2261eve1 of 13 (+/-1) pCi/L, which was reduced to 4.0 (+/- 0.9) <br />pCi/L. <br />Test work by Hazen Research and others has identified the optimum pH for radium <br />removal at 8.0 to 9.0, which is the reported naturally occurring pH of the mine discharge <br />(8.5 to 8.8). Therefore, no pH adjustment is a~icipated at this time. <br />Uran m <br />Expected range of concentrations: 0.1 to 1.7 mg/L <br />Expected discharge standard: Average and maximum discharge limits of 2.0 and 4.0 <br />mg/L, respectively (CFR Title 40, Part 440.34) <br />Urauium, like radium, may be removed from waters by the addition of barium chloride <br />(BaCI). Lyntek's bench scale testing at the La Sal, Utah mine showed that uranium <br />concentrations in mine water with a pH of 8.8 were reduced from 0.1 mg/L (68 pCi/L) to <br />0.049 mg/L (33 pCi/L) with the addition of barium chloride and ferric sulfate at the <br />• design dosage. Additional secondary treatment with filters and resiu columns are <br />typically necessary to achieve the drinking water standard of 0.030 mg/L. <br />4 <br />