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iAC7rsoN COUNTY AHEA, COIA1tAD0 junegrass, western wheatgzass, low rabbitbruah, aervlceberry, and big sagebrush. The mean annual precipitation is 12 to 16 inches, the mean annual air temperature is 36° to S8° F, and the frost-free season is 30 to 40 days, In a representative profile the surface layer is light brownish gray clay loam about 4 inches thick. The upper part of the subsoil is pale brown light clay about 3 inches thlek, and the lower part is brown clay about 25 inches thick. Shale is at a depth of about 32 inches. Permeability is slow, and available water capacity is moderate. These soils are used mainly for grazing. Some areas are irrigated and used for grass hay. Representative profUe of Kather clay loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes, in Native grass, 1,180 feet east and 326 feet north of southwest corner of sec. 3, T. 6 N., R. 81 W.: Al--0 to 4 inchw• light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay loam, dar~C grayish brown (lOYR 4/2) moist; strong fine ular atracture; soft, very friable slightly etic y~and slightly plastic; many fine ane{ medium roots; mildly alkaline; clear smooth bound- ary Bl-4 to 7 inches; a brows (LOYR 8/8) light clay, dark brnwn (10 H 4/S) moist; moderate medium anb- angnlar blocks structure parting to fine enbangular' b ;slightly lord, very Eris e, sticky and plas- tic; ew tlne and medium roots; few ttdn_patehy clay films on peda_aad in ]wren; mildly a line; B2t-7 to y$ inches; brown (10YB 6/8) clay, dark brown (lOXR 4/3) moist; moderate coarse and medium prismatic atraetare parting to coarse and medium angular blocky; extremely hard, very $rm, sticky and plastic; Sew fine roots; moderate continuous clay films oa peas and in pores; mildly alkaline; BS-28 to 32 inches; blown (lOYR 5/g) clay, dark brown (lOYR 4/S) moist, weak coarse angular blocky structure; extremely hard, verr99 firm, sticky and plastic; few thin patchy clay iila,a on peas and in some pores; mildly alkaline; gradual wavy bomid- Cr~2 to 60 inches; aoncalcsreous shale. Iatand aeries CJ The l:arand series consists of deep, wetl drained soils that farmed in coarse textured glacial till. The soils ~ are underlain by very gravelly sand at a depth of 24 to P~ b5 inches. They are on glacial terraces, fans, and ~ moraines between elevations of 8,600 and 10,000 feet. k Slopes are 3 to 40 percent. The native vegetation is b ~ ~ mainly lodgepole pine, spruce, and fir and a sparse understory of oregongra ire, ell[ sedlce, vaccinium, kin- nikinnick an~c heartleaf ar~mca.'TFie mean annual pre- clpl on is inches, the mean annual air temperature is 34° to 36° F, and the frost-free season is 26 to 80 days. In s representative profile the surface la eris light gray fine sandy loam about 16 inches buck. The sub- soil is light yellowish brown very gravelly sandy clay loam about 16 inches thick. The underlying material is light yellowish brown very gravelly sand, Permeability is moderate, sad available water ca. These soils are used mainly for producing timber, for wildlife habitat, and for recreation. Representative proffie of Iarand fine sandy loam, 3 to 26 percent slopes, in timber, 400 feet east and 400 feet north of center of sea 3, T. 7 N., R. 77 W,: Ol-2 larkas to 1 mostly nee 02-1 inch to 0; similar to ' A2-0 to 10 inches; pale brnwr platy struc friable as roots, 'mad AB:B-10 W ~6 inc; light yellov loam pale (LOl/R 6/4 stricture ~~~~ The profile is generally noncalcareoas to a depth of 40 inches or more, bat a Lhia discontinuous calcamois horizon is fast above bedrock in some places. Content of coarse frig- B2ti-18 meats ranges frnm 0 to 15 resat Reacrioa ranges 4Yom neutral to mildly alkaline. The B2t horizon ie heavy clay loam or light clay. IZaE-Katlrer clay loam, 5 to 20 rcent slopes. This soil is on uplands and valley sides throughout the survey area. Included with this soil in mapping at the eastern edge of the park are a few small areas of soils that are similar to Kather soils but that have a surface layer of sandy loam. Also inc]uded are small areas on ridge crests and slope breaks of Crespin and Carlstrom soils. Runoff is medium and rapid. The hazard of soil blowing is moderate, and the hazard oY water erosion is severe, Most of the acreage of this soil is used for grazing. A small acreage of this soil is irrigated and is used for grass hay and pasture. If this soil is irrigated, an organic mat 1 to 4 inches thick generally forms on the surface and bright rust-colored mottles foxtn through- out the profile. Capability units Vle-1, nonirrigated, and ~'Ie•-8, irrigated; Mountain Shale range site. to that of organic materiel, organic material ift, very ~tmrryyedium /2) and ie saudq a brown blocky ev fine ihna on s/4) patcay Cis alma on peas, m pores, on unaazs;ie of coarse eats, and as badges between sand grain9e va pe ~~~~ el and cobbles; slightly acid; nS--2a to 32 inches; light yellowish brown (lOYR•6/{) very (g10YR 6/Q~)gmtou~IIt; weak medoltatm sab~ac;gular bbtocky structure; bard, very triable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic, a few patchy clay films on peas, on underside of coarse fragments, and as lnadges between sand grains; 60 percent sravei and cob tiles; slightly acid, diifuae wavy boundary. IIC~2 to BO inches; ng{~t yellowish brown ((lOYR 6/4) very gravelly sand, yeLLowieh brown (10Yft 5/4) moist; aiagle grained; loose; 70 percent gravel and The profile is 36 to 76 percent coarse fragm~ats ~/a inch t° 30 inches in diameter. IC is medium acid to mildly aika- line. There ie a thin, dark-colored Ai horizon in some places, Depth to the sandy-skeletal IIC horizon ranges from 24 to 55 inches. The ]IC horizon is very gravelly or very cobbly loamq sand or sand.