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of the land. Cutting of hay is timed to allow for a two to four week regrowth <br />period before the first killing frost. Hay meadows, may be grazed heavily in <br />• the early spring but remove livestock before they affect hay production. Hay <br />fields are also grazed after the hay has been cut. <br />In pastures where cultivated and native plant communities are grazed <br />together, management decisions are generaly based on the cultivated species and <br />the maintenance of the hay field. It appears that in these pastures, cattle <br />normally graze the meadow and other hay fields in the morning and then move into <br />the surrounding sagebrush, aspen, or oakbrush in the afternoon. Livestock <br />distribution can 'be improved in these cases by salting on ridges and upland <br />sites away from the hay fields. <br />With regard to species used to improve pastures, the following are most <br />often recommended. <br />Dryland• Sites <br />Smoothe Brome <br />Meadow Brame <br />Pubescent wheatgrass <br />Intermediate Wheatgrass <br />Alfalfa <br />Cicer Milkvetch <br /> <br />Mesic Sites <br />Timothy <br />Meadow Brame <br />Creeping Foxtail <br />Redtop <br />Intermediate Wheatgrass and <br />Alfalfa (if area shows little <br />standing water) <br />I hope that this description of pastureland managment in the vicinity of <br />your mining operation will meet your needs. If there are any questions or if I <br />can be of further assistance, please let me know. <br />JV/kg <br />Sincerely, <br />/ / ;! <br />~ohn Valentine <br />District Conservationist <br />i <br />