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A = cross-sectional of flow area in square feet. <br />n = Manning's roughness coefficient. <br />• R = hydraulic radius in feet <br />= area (A) / wetted perimeter (P). <br />5 = slope of the energy gradient (usually equal r,c: the slope of the <br />channel). <br />Design velocities for the channel will not exceed 3 fps for bare soil <br />ditches or 5 fps for grass-lined or rip-rapped channels. Channel slope will <br />be primarily dictated by the slope of reclaimed drainage located above the <br />permanent drainageway. Generally, channels will be seeded to promote <br />vegetation growth, and increase stability and reduce erosion potential. The <br />cross-section shape of the channel will typically be trapezoidal, with side <br />slopes of 3: 1. The channel bottom will typically be 10-12 feet for <br />calculated peak runoff flows above / cfs. Wide flat-bottomed channels are <br />observed to be stable in undisturbed areas and vegetation may become <br />established relatively easily. Channel sides and bottoms will be scarified, <br />channel sides and possibly channel bottoms will be broadcast seeded. The <br />seed mixture used for stabilization is the same as the currently approved <br />• pastureland seed mix. <br />Diversion ditch construction will follow the same guidelines outlined <br />above. However, ir, some cases, diversion ditches will be V-bottom rather <br />than flat-bottom for ease of snow removal. Past experience of Colorado <br />Yampa Coal Company has shown V-bottom ditches can be more easily cleared of <br />snow than flat-bottom ditches. <br />It is not possible to accurately designate the location of all <br />diversion ditches at this time. Generally, diversion ditches will be <br />constructed in areas where slopes exceed eight (8) percent and in headwater <br />areas where reclamation is not complete. In the latter situation, water <br />generated from spoil would be prevented from causiny excessive erosion <br />within down-slope reclamation. <br />• <br />24-9 <br />