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Attachment 2.1 <br />tiATIONAL ENGL*iEERING AAPIDB00% <br />`~ SECTION 4 <br />HYDROLOGY <br />CHAPTE2 11. ~TIMATION OF DIRECT RDNOFF FROM SNOWMII.T <br />//- <br />_31s chanter gives e^thods for estimating enovmelt runoff volumes for <br />flood damage evaluations. Methods of snoumelt forecasting, for <br />irrigation and similar purposes, are described in the Snov Survey <br />Handbook of the Service. <br />retails of the thermodynamics of.snovmelt are omitted from this chanter <br />Because of the'_r limited value in the methods presented here. Some <br />str_~ard references are: , <br />c~--:', G~r2e D. -Snow-melting characteristics. <br />?ec~cal nuiietin 231, August 1931. Utah Agricuiturai <br />=xterL^ent Station, Logan, Utah._ <br />-_,•st. ?h'_11'_0 - :analysis of high rates of snowmeiting. <br />ales =yj-ZOS, Transactions of the elmencan ~aopnysical <br />"_ccn. '~. ;. :~ outline of the thermodynamics of sno•Jmelt. <br />---es _~2-.95, Tr^^sactions cf the :+merican ~aapgyaica-: <br />- -'-i^snce of :.- Wei' ~'"^s <br />bank;,11 cecacities .-. ,:sa are cc.ril~ o eacar _...- _==call '-atersneas <br />than fcr Iarge ones. ^b_ncs snovmelt rstes are relatively low in csm <br />',.here =sy ce f'_occ'_ng cn 1-,ve watersheds uhen ~t.-earns c...;~ai: '~ater- <br />sheds are flaring lass thsn bsnk-tL•' 1. <br />The hydroicoist eccuelnad ..nth en erect ::111 }'now c: a reiati-~e <br />importance e" sno:rmelt es a source of f'_ooding in that are.. _-_ <br />doubtflil cases the data no:._elly gathered Sy iaterview for an historical <br />flood series will usually dafine the charactor of flood flows. In <br />other i~stancee, the runoff recoxcis will show how Lzportant snovmalt <br />floodi:.g ic. IL is seldcc .ecessary `_. -91(e cetalled 5,,^drologic <br />investlEatioas into =r._ -^_ttor. <br />