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Parkdale Project • 6 • Reclamation Permit <br />The American kestrel is a cavity nester, and abandoned woodpecker holes, magpie nests, <br />and crevices in rock outcrop are used as nest sites. A variety of open and wooded <br />habitats aze occupied by the American kestrel, although it avoids densely forested <br />habitats. Woodpecker holes or magpie nests in cottonwood trees along Tallahassee <br />Creek or in pinon and juniper trees in the permit area represent suitable nest sites for <br />American kestrel. <br />Nesting habitat for Cooper's hawk, sharp-shinned hawk, and long-eared owl within the <br />permit area is restricted to stands of pinon/juniper. Pifion and juniper trees within and <br />near proposed disturbance areas were searched for possible stick nests of these species, <br />but none were located. <br />Upland Gamebirds <br />Mourning dove and wild turkey are only upland gamebird species likely to occur within <br />the permit area. Mourning doves are summer residents and would be present in the <br />permit area spring through fall. Mourning doves prefer habitats near water and are most <br />likely to be present in riparian areas and other habitats adjacent to Tallahassee Creek. <br />Wild turkey is a fairly common resident in foothills and mesa of southern Colorado. <br />They are common along the Arkansas River valley in the vicinity of the permit area <br />(Andrews and Righter 1992). Preferred habitat is typically ponderosa pine forest with an <br />understory of Gambel oak, although they also can be found in lowland riparian, foothill <br />shrubiand (mountain mahogany), pinon-juniper woodlands, and agricultural habitats <br />(Andrews and Righter 1992). Wild turkey are known to occur in the vicinity (Finch, <br />pers. comm. 1997), and these birds may occasionally wander through the permit area. <br />Other Avifauna <br />A variety of songbirds inhabit foothill shrubland and pinon/juniper habitats in southern <br />Colorado. Some occur as year-long residents, but the majority are present only as <br />summer residents and they migrate south for the winter months. Many of these summer <br />residents are neotropical migrants which winter in Central and South America. <br />Year-long residents observed during field surveys included northern flicker, hairy <br />woodpecker, pinyon jay, scrub jay, Clark's nutcracker, black-billed magpie, red-breasted <br />nuthatch, rock wren, Bewick's wren, mountain chickadee, Townsend's solitaire, <br />mountain bluebird, American robin, western meadowlark, and house finch. Because of <br />the timing of the survey, few migrants or summer residents were recorded. Early arrivals <br />noted during the survey were broad-tailed hummingbird, yellow-romped warbler, <br />chipping sparrow, and red-winged blackbird. Other representative summer residents <br />likely to occur in the permit area include blue-gray gnatcatcher, solitary vireo, black- <br />throated gray warbler, lazuli bunting, and vesper sparrow. <br />