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heavily dependent on hunting and gathering and practiced • <br />only limited hortic:ulCure. Although Woodland sites are <br />small in the west, they are heavily distributed along <br />rivers and streams (Windmiller and Eddy 1975). <br />Fremont <br />The Fremont tradition exhibits a subsistence appar- <br />ently based on corn agriculture supplemented by hunting <br />and gathering activities (Marwitt 1970). Uinta Fremont <br />(the Fremont variant most likely to be present in the study <br />area) is centered in northeast Utah (see Table 1), but sites <br />are typically small settlements of one to five shallow pit <br />structures, though numeious small open camp and rock shelter <br />sites are common. Sites are generally located on knolls, <br />buttes, and on hill slopes above flood plains. <br />A number of Fremont villages have been excavated <br />including several from Dinosaur National Monument and Brown's <br />Hole in Colorado. Carbon 14 dates range from AD 500 to • <br />1100. Some polemic surrounds these dates: some archaeo- <br />logists would restrict Uinta-Fremont time spans to AD 1000 <br />to 1200 (Berry and Berry 1975). <br />Upper Republican <br />In eastern Colorado and the Central Plains, the Plains <br />Woodland tradition was replaced by the Upper Republican <br />sometime after AD 1000 (see Table 1). Whether or not this <br />Upper Republican tradition extended into the Colorado pied- <br />mont has been in question (Nelson 1967), but the Colorado <br />Highway Department has just finished excavating a probable <br />Upper Republican site near Parker, Colorado.* In Kansas <br />and Nebraska, the Upper Republican occupation consists of <br />small hamlets supported by the cultivation of maize, beans, <br />squash, and sunflowers (Wedel 1961). Pottery was more plenti- <br />ful than in proceeding Woodland times. The Upper Republican • <br />* Personal communication, John Gooding, October 1, 1979 <br />12 <br />