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• • • 20-CascaJo gravelly sandy loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes. This deep, excessively drained soil is on backslopes and shoulders o1 moderately dissected to highly dissected upland ridges and breaks. It formed in calcareous gravelly alluvium. Slopes are concave. Areas are long and narrow and are 20 to 1,000 acres. Typically, 15 to 35 percent of the surface is covered with gravel and cobbles. The surface layer is dark grayish brown gravelly sandy loam 3 inches thick. The next layer is calcareous very gravelly loamy coarse sand 21 inclios thick. Below this to a depth of 60 inches or more is calcareous very gravelly loamy coarse sand. Included in this unit are small areas of soils, on trarkslopes, shoulders, and crests of upland ridyes and breaks, that have fine-grained sandstone or sillstone at a depth of 20 to 40 inches; Rock outcrop on shoulders and crests of upland ridges and breaks; and Otero sandy loam end Stoneham fine sandy loam on the lower parts of backslopes and on upland ridges and breaks. Included areas make up about 25 percent of the total acreage. The percentage varies from one area to :tnothor. Permeability of this Cascajo soil is moderately rapid to a depth of 3 inches and rapid below this depth. Available water capacity is moderate. Effective rooting depth is 60 inches or morn. Runoff is medium, and the hazard of water erosion is moderate to very high. The hazard of soft blowing is slight. Most areas of this unit are used as rangeland. A few loess are used as a source of gravel. The potential plant community on this unit is mainly blue grams, little bluestem, sideoats grams, and prairie <.;andreed. The average annual production of aft-dry vegot:rtion ranges from 500 to 1,200 pounds. If the range is overgrazed, the proponion of preferred forage plants decreases and the proportion of less preferred forage plants increases. Therefore, livestock grazing should be managed so that the desired balance al preferred species is maintained in the plant community. Areas that are heavily infested with undesirable plants can bo improved by proper grazing management. Management practices that are suitable for use on this unit are proper range use, deferred grazing, and rotation graziny. Mechanical treatment is not practical because of the storey surface and the Steepness of slope. II the plant cover is disturbed, protection from erosion is ner:ded. Loss of the surface layer results in a severe decrease in prod~ictivity and in the potential of the soil in this unit to produce plants suitable for grazing. Slope limits access by livestock and results in overgrazing of the less sloping areas. This unit is poorly suited to windbreaks and environmental plantings. The main limitations are the large accumulations of limo and moderate available water capacity. Supplemental irrigation may be needed when planting and during dry periods. Summer fallow, cultivation for weed control, and selection of adapted plants are needed to insure establishment and survival cl seedlings. This map unit is in capability subclass Vfls, nonirrigated, and in Gravel Breaks range site. 24 ~, 51-Peetz gravelly sandy loamy 5 to 20 percent sl<ipea: This deep, somewhat oxcessiveTy drairied soil is on backslopes and shoulders of moderately dissected to highly dissected upland ridges and breaks. It formed in calcareous gravelly alluvium. Slopes are convex. Areas are nearly linear in shape and are 20 to 1,000 acres in size. Typically, 15 to 35 percent of the surface is covered with gravel and cobbles. Typically, the upper part of the surface layer is grayish brown gravelly sandy loam 4 inches thick, and the lower part is brown very gravelly loamy sand 4 inches thick. The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches or more is calcareous very gravelly sand. Included in this unit are small areas of Altvan sandy loam on the tops of upland ridges and breaks; Rock outcrop on shoulders of upland ridges and breaks; Bushman fine sandy loam on backslopes and foot slopes of upland ridges and breaks; end Ascalon line sandy loam and Wages tine sandy loam on foot slopes of upland ridyes and breaks. Included areas make up about 20 percent of the total acreage. Permeability of this Peetz soil is rapid. Available water capacity is moderate. Effective rooting depth Is 60 inches or more. Runotl is slow, and the hazard of water erosion is high to very high. The hazard of soil blowing is slight. Most areas of this unit are used as rangeland. A few areas are used as a source of gravel. The potential plant community on this unit is mainly blue grams, little bluestem, sideoats grams, end prairie sandroed. The average annual production of air-dry veg©tation tangos from 500 to 1,200 pounds. If the range is overgrazed, the proportion o1 preferred forage plants decreases and the proportion o1 less preferred foraye plants increases. Therefore, Ivestock grazing should be managed so that the desired balance of preferred species is maintained in the plant community. Management practices that are suitable for use on this unit are proper range use, deferred grazing, and rotation grazing. Livestock grazing should be managed to protect the soil in this unit from erosion. Slope limits access by livestock and results in overgrazing of the less sloping areas. II the plant cover is disturbed, protection from erosion is needed. Loss of the surface layer results in a severe decrease in productivity and in the potential of the soil to produce plants suitable for grazing. This unit is poorly suited to windbreaks and environmental plantings. The main limitations area the high content of lime and the moderate available water capacity. Supplemental irrigation may be needed when planting and during dry periods. Summer fallow, cultivation for weed control, and selection of adapted plants are needed to insure establishment and survival of seedlings. This map unit is in capability subclass Vle, nonirrigated, end in Gravel Breaks range site.